Chemical Energy and ATP

Life depends on energy That energy is stored in chemical bonds of energy storing compounds ATP, NADH, NADPH and FADH2 The chief energy storing compound = ATP Adenosine triphosphate Energy for work is stored in ATP bonds 3 parts: ribose (sugar), adenine and a 3 phosphate chain

Energy and ATP Energy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATP Energy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATP Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate Energy for work is stored in ATP bonds Energy for work is stored in ATP bonds Energy released when 3 rd phosphate is broken off Energy released when 3 rd phosphate is broken off 3 rd bond unstable…easily broken 3 rd bond unstable…easily broken ADP left over ADP left over PPP ENERGY ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE

Energy and ATP Energy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATP Energy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATP Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate Energy for work is stored in ATP bonds Energy for work is stored in ATP bonds Energy released when 3 rd phosphate is broken off Energy released when 3 rd phosphate is broken off 3 rd bond unstable…easily broken 3 rd bond unstable…easily broken ADP left over (adenosine diphosphate) ADP left over (adenosine diphosphate) PP P ENERGY ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE P

Energy and ATP Energy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATP Energy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATP Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate Energy for work is stored in ATP bonds Energy for work is stored in ATP bonds Energy released when 3 rd phosphate is broken off Energy released when 3 rd phosphate is broken off 3 rd bond unstable…easily broken 3 rd bond unstable…easily broken ADP left over ADP left over ATP recreated with the addition of another phosphate group ATP recreated with the addition of another phosphate group

Energy and ATP 3 Main types of biological work 3 Main types of biological work 1. Energy for the mechanical functions of the cells 1. Energy for the mechanical functions of the cells 2. Movement, transport of materials, etc. 2. Movement, transport of materials, etc. 3. synthesis and breakdown of large cells 3. synthesis and breakdown of large cells

ATP Digestion Purpose: Break food into useable molecules to create ATP Purpose: Break food into useable molecules to create ATP High calorie foods will produce more ATP molecules High calorie foods will produce more ATP molecules Usually carbohydrates and lipids Usually carbohydrates and lipids Proteins (amino acids) are usually needed elsewhere Proteins (amino acids) are usually needed elsewhere Simple sugar Simple sugar Simple sugar Simple sugar Simple sugar Simple sugar Complex sugar

Energy on Earth Most life relies on sunlight directly or indirectly Most life relies on sunlight directly or indirectly Directly: Plants Directly: Plants Indirectly: Animals Indirectly: Animals Autotrophs Autotrophs Organisms that make food from CO 2 and an energy source (such as the sun) Organisms that make food from CO 2 and an energy source (such as the sun) Known as producers Known as producers NRG for now and later NRG for now and later

Energy on Earth Most life relies on sunlight directly or indirectly Most life relies on sunlight directly or indirectly Directly: Plants Directly: Plants Indirectly: Animals Indirectly: Animals Heterotrophs Heterotrophs Organisms that cannot make their own food Organisms that cannot make their own food Known as consumers Known as consumers Obtain that energy either directly or indirectly Obtain that energy either directly or indirectly

Energy on Earth Most life relies on sunlight directly or indirectly Most life relies on sunlight directly or indirectly Directly: Plants Directly: Plants Indirectly: Animals Indirectly: Animals Exceptions: Chemotrophs Exceptions: Chemotrophs Hydrothermal vents release chemicals called sulfides Hydrothermal vents release chemicals called sulfides Unique bacteria feed on the sulfides to make ATP (chemosynthesis) Unique bacteria feed on the sulfides to make ATP (chemosynthesis) sulfides

Review 1) Where is the energy of ATP stored? 2) How is ADP and ATP different? 3) What’s the purpose of digestion? 4) Why are proteins less likely to be broken into ATP? 5) How is chemosynthesis and photosynthesis similar? Different?

Review 1) W here is the energy of ATP stored? In its bonds 2) H ow is ADP and ATP different? ADP has one less phosphate molecule than ATP. ATP is a higher energy molecule. 3) W hat’s the purpose of digestion? Break food into useable molecules to create ATP 4) W hy are proteins less likely to be broken into ATP? Amino acids are needed for other processes 5) H ow is chemosynthesis and photosynthesis similar? Different? Similar: Both are processes that capture energy and store it as sugars Different: Chemosynthesis captures chemicals to make sugars Different: Photosynthesis captures sunlight to make sugars