What Are Elements Chapter 12 Lesson 1 Pages E6 – E11

Objectives Understand that all matter is made up of the same basic particles Recognize atoms as fundamental particles of matter Identify the basic parts of an atom Identify an element as any type of matter made up of only one kind of atom

Main Idea All matter is made up of elements. The smallest piece of an element is called an atom.

VOCABULARY

ELEMENT A substance that cannot be broken apart into other substances. These are the building blocks of matter.

ATOM The smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element.

ELECTRONS Particle in an atom that has a negative charge.

NUCLEUS Central core of an atom

PROTON Particle in the nucleus of an atom that has a positive charge.

NEUTRON Particle in the nucleus of an atom that has NO charge.

MOLECULE Two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds.

Elements Page E6 All matter is made up of elements. Some substances (like diamonds) are made from a single element Most substances are made from 2 + elements

Atoms Page E6 The smallest part of an element Can only be seen by special microscopes Ancient Greek philosophers were the first to suggest all matter is made of atoms.

Dalton Solid spheres of different sizes and masses

Thomson Ball of positive charged has negatively charged electrons located throughout.

Rutherford Small, dense nucleus surrounded by mostly empty space. Electrons move in that space.

Bohr Electrons travel in specific orbits around the nucleus.

Schrodinger Electrons clouds or orbitals show the probability of finding an electron in a particular location.

Organization of Atoms Electrons have very little mass. The nucleus accounts for most of the mass. The nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons

Organization of Atoms Protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, and neutrons have no charge. Coal, graphite, and diamonds are all carbon, differing in the way their atoms are arranged.

Graphite Atoms are arranged in sheets the separate easily.

Diamond The hardest natural substance found on Earth. Atoms packed tightly together with each atom bonded to four other atoms. This gives diamonds their hardness

Coal Anthracite coal contains 90 to 98 percent pure carbon Important fossil fuel formed from dead plants

Elements Alone and Joined An elements properties come from the atoms that compose it. Atoms can join together through chemical bonds to form molecules Molecules can contain atoms of the same element or atoms of different elements.

Question What are the tiny particles that make up an atom?

Answer Electrons Protons Neutrons

Question How do atoms, molecules, and elements differ?

Answer Atoms are the smallest particles of an element. Molecules are two or more atoms joined together. Elements are the building blocks of all matter

Question Why do the different forms of carbon have different properties?

Answer Because their atoms are arranged differently.