Biological Terms

Life Cycles Annual – a plant that completes its life cycle in one year. Biennial – a plant that completes its life cycle in two years. Perennial - a plant that lives more than two years.

Leaf Retention Decidous – loses leaves during dormant season Evergreen- keeps leaves remains green year – round

Hormones Inhibitors hasten a fruit ripening, inhibits or restrains seed germination and stem elongation. Cytokinins – hormones that work with auxins to stimulate cell division Gibberellins – hormones that stimulate cell elongation, premature flowering and breaking dormancy Auxins – hormones that speed plant growth by stimulating cell enlargement

Moisture in plants Turgid – plant is swollen or filled with moisture Wilted – plant is limp because it does not have enough moisture.

Stages of Growth Juvenile - when plant first starts to grow from a seed Reproductive – when plant produces flowers, seeds and fruits Dormant –when plant rests or grows very little if any

Plant Processes Photosynthesis – the food manufacturing process in green plants that combine carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light to make sugar and oxygen. Formula is : 6CO2 + 6H2O+672 Kcal R C6H O2

Respiration-the process through which plant leaves, stems and roots consume oxygen and give off carbon dioxide. Plants produce much more oxygen through photosynthesis than they use through respiration. Absorption-the process by which plant roots take in water and air. Transpiration-the process by which plants lose water from leaves and stems through evaporation.

Translocation-the process by which food and nutrients are moved within a plant from one plant part to another. Reproduction-the plant process that increases plant numbers usually from seeds. Osmosis – process by which minerals and water enter the plant through cell walls.