1. Important Survival Structures and Adaptations in Plants

2. Make a 4 column chart with the following headings
Nutrition
Respiration
Reproduction
Response to Environment
Write down important structures and functions that relate to these 4 concepts as we review the Power Point

3. Vascular Tissue- Nutrition
Vascular Tissue  move fluids through the plant body
1. Xylem– carries water from the root to the other parts of the plant
2. Phloem – transports nutrients and carbohydrates made by photosynthesis

4. Vascular Tissue Chart-Nutrition

5. Leaves-Nutrition
Designed for absorbing light and carrying out photosynthesis
Two types of leaves:
1. Simple (one leaf)
2. Compound (many leaflets)

6. Leaf Functions-Nutrition
Carries out photosynthesis
Transpiration- evaporation of water through leaves
Gas Exchange
Stomata remains open enough just to allow photosynthesis to take place

7. Layers of Leaf- Nutrition&Respiration
Mesophyll spongy layer is composed of many chloroplasts
Palisade mesophyll – absorb the light
Spongy mesophyll – air spaces that connect the stomata with outside
Stomata – pore-like openings on the underside of a leaf to absorb carbon dioxide

8. Stomata On Surface of Leaf- Respiration
Swollen
Guard Cells
Small stoma opening little gas exchange
Large stoma opening ample gas exchange
Flaccid (weak) guard cells

9. How the stomata helps to maintain homeostasis?
The stomata allows for the plant to REGULATE the exchange of gases MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS
Dependent on the availability of water
When water is plentiful plant can accept more water guard cells swell stomata opens gas exchange can occur readily
When water is NOT plentiful OR wants to conserve the water it has plant can n

10. Cones in Conifer Plants- Reproduction
Cones and pollen are used as the reproductive structures found in gymnosperms
Exhibit alternation of generations sporophyte and gametophyte phases.

11. Reproduction in Angiosperms-Reproduction
Also exhibit sporophyte and gametophyte generations

12. Flower Parts-Reproduction
Flowers are the reproductive structure in angiosperms.
Stamen-> men=male
Male: anther+filament
Contains pollen
Pistil (carpel)-> female
Stigma,style,ovary
Ovary holds the ovules.

13. Seeds-Reproduction Seeds in plants play an important role in
Protection of the plant embryo
Prevention of drying out of moisture within the seed
Provides nutrients as it develops

14. Monocot vs Dicot Seeds

15. Summary Tutorial

16. How Do Plants Respond to the Environment?
1-Tropism= response by a plant to an external stimulus
Phototropism response to light
Gravitropism response to gravity
Hydrotropism response to water
Thigmotropism response to touch (surfaces like vines wrapping around)
2-Hormones= auxins
cytokinins, gibberlins, ethylene

17. Plant Auxins- Response to Environment
Auxins substances that regulate cell growth at the tip of plant by stimulating cell elongation.
CytokininsStimulate cell division, and cause dormant seeds to sprout.
Gibberillinsdramatic increase in size (stems and fruits)
Ethylene Stimulate fruits to ripen

18. Other Environmental Adaptations- Response to Environment
Aquatic PlantsTissues with large air filled spaces for oxygen diffusion
Epiphytes-Grow directly on other plants to obtain their nutrients Ex. Spanish Moss
Desert Plants (Xerophytes)-Extensive roots,
reduced leaves, & thick stems stores water.
Nutrition Specialists-Live in areas with low concentrations of nutrients in the soil.
Ex. Carnivorous plants (Venus Fly Trap)
Parasites (Mistletoe)