Biotechnology Intro & Gel Electrophoresis

Test:__________% Test:__________% Test:__________% Unit 5 Test Average __________% Unit 5: DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis 3.1.1: DNA Structure & DNA Replication 3.1.2: Protein Synthesis 3.1.3: Mutations

Maury… 1.What did they do to tell who the father was? 1.How do they do these tests? 1.How do they know for SURE…?

What does… BIO- mean? TECHNOLOGY? SO….

What isBIOtechnologyAny Way???? Manipulating livingorganisms using various types of technology to produce more useful qualities: – Using better genes and traits Allows the best or desired traits to be expressed.

Research in Biotechnology 1.Help humans create crops that can be frost resistant 2.Use transgenic organisms to help medical researchers model human physiology for testing 3.Help industryto create bacteria to break downpollutants into harmless products 4.Pharmaceutical companies use recombinant DNA to cheaply produce human hormones (insulin) and other proteins 5.Help solve crimes and determine familial relationships

One of the ways is the same way Maury tests for the father…

Gel Electrophoresis A method used in biochemistry and molecular biology to separate DNA or RNA molecules by size to compare DNA data.

Also known as… A DNA Fingerprint

What can this be used for? Paternity Tests – Who is the father? Familial Relationships – Who is the mother? – Who are the siblings, cousins, grandparents, etc.? Evolutionary Relationships – How closely related are two organisms (humans & apes)? Crime Scene Investigations – Who committed the crime?

Gel Electrophoresis

Basic Steps.. 1.Extract DNA sample 1.Cut DNA into smaller pieces using Restriction Enzymes 1.Put the smaller DNA fragments into the Gel Tray 1.Use a Charge to separate the pieces of DNA 1.Analyze the DNA fragments

Goal of Gel Electrophoresis 1.The process of Gel Electrophoresis works to separate and analyze DNA fragments according to their size & shape. 2. In order to cut the DNA into fragments, restriction enzymes are used. – These are specific enzymes (proteins) that recognize specific sequences of DNA and then cut it in half.

3. Samples of DNA fragments are loaded onto a GEL ELECTROPHORESIS. 4. DNA fragments move in the Gel due to opposite charges (DNA is negatively charged) – The SMALL strands move further down the Gel than the LARGER strands of DNA. – Since they are larger and heavier, the LARGER strands do not move as far down the Gel

5. The groups of DNA fragments show up as small lines in the Gel 6. Now a DNA FINGERPRINT is created, which can be analyzed.

What can this be used for? Paternity Tests – Who is the father? Familial Relationships – Who is the mother? – Who are the siblings, cousins, grandparents, etc.? Evolutionary Relationships – How closely related are two organisms (humans & apes)? Crime Scene Investigations – Who committed the crime?

Let’s Take a look… 02c&feature=related

Check Point 1.Write the steps used in Gel electrophoresis: 1.Where would you find the shortest stand of DNA? 1.What causes the fragments on DNA to move?

What does it look like? wlCk_Z02c

Gel Electrophoresis

DNA fingerprinting applications

Sample Problems

Practice

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