Machines Making Work Easier. What Is A Machine? A machine is a device that makes work easier Examples 1. Doorknob 2. Pencil Sharpener 3. Knife 4. Crow.

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Presentation transcript:

Machines Making Work Easier

What Is A Machine? A machine is a device that makes work easier Examples 1. Doorknob 2. Pencil Sharpener 3. Knife 4. Crow Bar 5. Axe

Simple Machines Simple machines are devices that do work with only one movement There are six types of simple machines: 1. Levers 2. Pulleys 3. Wheel and axle 4. Inclined plane 5. Wedge 6. Screw

Pictures

Advantages of Simple Machines They help us overcome friction and gravity A crowbar could help us move a heavy rock or pry the lid off a wooden crate Machines make work easier by changing the force you exert in size, direction or both

Effort and Resistance Forces The force applied to the machine is called the effort force (F e ) The force applied by the machine to overcome resistance is called the resistance force (F r )

Forces cont. Sketch

Two Kinds of Work There is work done on the machine (W in ) There is also work done by the machine (W out ) W in =F e xd e W out =F r xd r

Ideal Machine If there was a perfect machine with out energy being lost to friction and heat then work input would equal work output perpetual machines - Google Search

The Lever A lever is a simple machine that consists of three parts: 1. An effort arm 2. A Resistance arm 3. A fulcrum

Sketch in Notes Fulcrum Effort Arm Resistance Arm

Levers There are three kinds of levers 1. 1 st class 2. 2 nd Class 3. 3 rd Class

1 st Class Lever The 1 st class lever has the fulcrum in the middle of the two arms Examples are the see-saw, can openers, and scissors

Sketch

2 nd Class Levers 2 nd class levers have the resistance and effort arms on one end, and the fulcrum on the other. The resistance is in the middle here

Sketch

3 rd Class Levers The 3 rd class has the fulcrum on one end and the arms on the other, except reversed. Now the effort arm is in the middle

Sketch

Pulley’s A pulley is like a 1 st class lever There is a fulcrum in the middle (the wheel) and a resistance rope and effort rope Pulleys can be fixed or movable

Fixed pulley

Movable Pulley

Block and Tackle

Compound Machines A machine made up of several simple machines make up a compound machine Examples are a bicycle, a lawnmower, or a pencil sharpener

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