Chemistry Review April-May 2006

From the beginning…. Chapter One

Vocabulary: Vocabulary: –Mass –Weight –Qualitative Data vs. Quantitative Data –Hypothesis –Independent variable vs. Dependent variable –Control –Model

Chapter One What you should be able to DO: What you should be able to DO: –Write the steps of the scientific method –Compare independent and dependent variables –Compare mass and weight –Give at least 2 examples of a model

Chapter Two

Vocabulary: Vocabulary: –Base unit –Density –Liter –Kelvin –Graph (bar, line, circle) –Conversion factor

Chapter Two What you should know: What you should know: –How to convert (for example: centigrams  grams ) –How to find density –How to convert Kelvin to Celsius / Celsius to Kelvin

Chapter Three

Vocabulary: Vocabulary: –Physical property vs. chemical property –Solid, Liquid, Gas –Chemical reaction –Heterogeneous vs. homogeneous mixtures –Group/family –Period –Compound –Reactant –product

Chapter Three What you should know: What you should know: The difference between-  Heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures  Physical and chemical properties  Reactant and product  Group/family and a period  Element and a compound

Chapter Four

Vocabulary: Vocabulary: –Nucleus –Proton –Electron –Neutron –Atomic number –Atomic mass –isotope

Chapter Four What you should know: What you should know: –Definition of an isotope and nucleus –Where to locate:  Protons  Neutrons  Electrons  Atomic mass  Atomic number

Chapter Five

Vocabulary: Vocabulary: –Frequency –Wavelength –Energy sublevels –Electron configuration –Valence electrons –Lewis Dot structure

Chapter Five What you should know: What you should know: –How to determine a wavelength/frequency of a wavelength –What is an energy sublevel? –How to draw a Lewis dot structure –How to write an electron configuration for an element.  For example: Sulfur would be 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 4

Chapters Six & Seven

Vocabulary: Vocabulary: –Alkali metals –Alkaline Earth metals –Halogens –Noble gases –Transition elements –Representative elements –Metalloids

Chapters Six What you should know: What you should know: –What is the octet rule? –How are valence electrons determined? –Which group are the…  Alkali metals?  Alkaline metals?  Halogens?  Noble gases?  Transition elements/Inner transition elements?

Chapter Seven

Vocabulary: Vocabulary: –Cation –Anion –Chemical bond –Ionic bond –Polyatomic ion –Oxidation number

Chapter Eight What you should you know: What you should you know: –Compare anion and cation –Compare ionic and chemical bond –What is a polyatomic ion? Give at least 2 examples. –What is an oxidation number?

Chapter Nine

Vocabulary: Vocabulary: –Covalent bond –Ionic bond

Chapter Nine What you should know: What you should know: –The difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond –How to identify each of the two bonds

Chapter Ten

Vocabulary: Vocabulary: –Reactant –Product –Coefficient –Aqueous solution –5 types of reactions  Synthesis  Decomposition  Single - replacement  Double – replacement  Combustion

Chapter Ten What you should know: What you should know: –How to balance an equation –In an equation…  What is a coefficient?  What is a reactant?  What is a product?

Let’s see how much you know!!

Chapters 1-10 What is the difference between mass and weight? What is the difference between mass and weight? What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data? What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

Kelvin  Celsius Celsius  Kelvin Convert each temperature. Convert each temperature degrees C  K 2.15 degrees C  K 3.32 degrees K  C 4.0 degrees K  C degrees K  C

Density Rock salt has a density of 2.18 g/cm 3. What would the volume be of a 4.8 g sample of rock salt? Rock salt has a density of 2.18 g/cm 3. What would the volume be of a 4.8 g sample of rock salt? Calculate the density of a piece of bone with a mass of 3.8 g and a volume of 2.0 cm 3 Calculate the density of a piece of bone with a mass of 3.8 g and a volume of 2.0 cm 3

Physical or Chemical? Silver that is tarnished Silver that is tarnished Barium melting Barium melting A sheet of copper pounded into a bowl A sheet of copper pounded into a bowl A bar of lead bent A bar of lead bent Diamond dust used to cut or grind other materials Diamond dust used to cut or grind other materials Marshmallow being roasted in a fire Marshmallow being roasted in a fire

Homogeneous or Heterogeneous? Chocolate chip cookies Chocolate chip cookies Saltwater Saltwater Gasoline Gasoline Bread Bread A pile of rusty iron fillings A pile of rusty iron fillings concrete concrete

Periodic Table How can we identify a group on the Periodic Table? How can we identify a group on the Periodic Table? A family? A family? Periods? Periods?

The Periodic Table What element is listed? What element is listed? What is its atomic mass? What is its atomic mass? Atomic number? Atomic number? 12 Mg

What’s inside the nucleus? Fill in the blanks.. Fill in the blanks.. –A _____ charged mass is called the nucleus. –The particles _____ the nucleus are ______ charged. –The particles outside of the ______ are _______ charged. –Particles that have no charge are _____.

POSITIVELY PROTONS Identify the atoms containing the following number of PROTONS. Identify the atoms containing the following number of PROTONS. a)74 b)20 c)49 d)70 e)93 f)2

Conversion Factors Which SI base unit would you use to measure the following quantities? Which SI base unit would you use to measure the following quantities? –Amount of water you drink in one day –Distance from NY to CA –Mass of an apple

Conversion Factors How does adding the prefix –kilo to an SI unit affect the quantity being described? How does adding the prefix –kilo to an SI unit affect the quantity being described? How many centigrams are in a gram? How many centigrams are in a gram? How many meters are in a decimeter? How many meters are in a decimeter?

Periodic Table Which group is considered the Alkali Metals? Which group is considered the Alkali Metals? Inner transition metals? Inner transition metals? Metalloids? Metalloids? Alkaline Metals? Alkaline Metals? Halogens? Halogens? Noble gases? Noble gases?

Are you sure you don’t want a “cat”? What are cat ions? What are cat ions? What are anions? What are anions? What is an oxidation number? Where can I find it? What is an oxidation number? Where can I find it? What is a polyatomic ion? What is a polyatomic ion?

We have a BOND! What is the difference between a covalent and an ionic bond?? What is the difference between a covalent and an ionic bond?? How can we tell the difference on the Periodic Table? How can we tell the difference on the Periodic Table?

5 Types of Reactions 1. Synthesis 1. Synthesis 2. Decomposition 2. Decomposition 3. Single-Replacement 3. Single-Replacement 4. Double-Replacement 4. Double-Replacement 5. Combustion 5. Combustion Define each reaction and give an example of each. Define each reaction and give an example of each.

What’s the big difference? What is a reactant? Give one example. What is a reactant? Give one example. What is a product? Give an example. What is a product? Give an example. What is a coefficient? Give an example. What is a coefficient? Give an example.

Are we finished yet?? One more thing….Any questions??

Guess what?? We’re FINALLY finished!!!!! We’re FINALLY finished!!!!! Good luck on your final! Good luck on your final!