1. Physical Science Final Exam Review

2. What is the difference between a chemical and physical property? Give an example of each. 2

3. What is the difference between a physical and chemical change. Give an example of each. 3

4. What are the three states of matter? Describe 2 characteristics of each one. 4

5. What is the difference between a compound and a mixture. Give an example of each. 5

6. What is the difference between an element, compound, and a mixture? Give an example of each. 6

7. What is the modern definition of the term “atom?” 7

8. What is the difference between a heterogeneous and a homogeneous mixture? Give an example of each. 8

9. Which state of matter has the greatest amount of kinetic energy? 9

10. What is the process by which a solid changes directly to a gas? 10

11. Fill in the Blank: The temperature while a substance changes state ______________. 11

12. What are the two phase changes from a liquid to a gas? Explain how they are different. 12

13. What is “heat of fusion?” 13

14. What is matter? 14

15. Who was responsible for the theory of “atomos?” 15

16. What two types of substances are considered “pure substances?” 16

17. Who thought that matter was “infinitely divisible?” 17

18. Please list the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for the following ion… 35- Cl 17 18

19. Please list 5 physical properties that can be measured for metals. 19

20. What does it mean if a metal is “ductile?” 20

21. Mendeleev arranged the periodic table by increasing _________. 21

22. The number on the periodic table that increases by 1 for every element going from left to right is the _________________. 22

23. Who is the scientist who discovered a repeating pattern in properties every eight elements? 23

24. Mendeleev arranged his periodic table based on increasing mass and __________________. 24

25. Describe the location, size, and charge of an electron. 25

26. What do elements in the same period in the periodic table have in common? 26

27. Indicate what charge a magnesium atom will acquire when it becomes an ion and WHY. 27

28. Which group of metals are the most reactive group on the periodic table? 28

29. What is the group of nonmetals that is the most unreactive elements on the periodic table? 29

30. What do elements in the same group in the periodic table have in common? 30

31. What is the octet rule? 31

32. Describe the role of valence electrons in ionic and covalent bonds. 32

33. What physical property can be observed in ionic compounds but NOT molecular compounds when dissolved in water? 33

34. List the 10 prefixes used in naming molecular compounds. 34

35. Formulas for ionic compounds are always _________. 35

36. Name this compound: MgCl 2 36

37. Name this compound: NO 2 37

38. Name this compound: P 2 O 4 38

39. Name this compound: Ca(OH) 2 39

40. Write the formula for this compound: Dinitrogen Pentoxide 40

41. Write the formula for this compound: Iron (III) Carbonate 41

42. Write the formula for this compound: Sodium Nitride 42

43. Write the formula for this compound: Carbon Tetrachloride 43

44. Write the formula for this compound: Ammonium Sulfide 44

45. List 3 pieces of evidence that support the occurrence of a chemical reaction. 45

46. Write and balance the equation for this reaction: Iron reacts with copper (II) sulfate to produce copper and iron (II) sulfate. 46

47. Write and balance the equation for this reaction: Lead (II) nitrate and aluminum chloride react to produce lead (II) chloride and aluminum nitrate. 47

48. Write and balance the equation for this reaction: Zinc and hydrogen chloride react to produce zinc chloride and hydrogen. 48

49. Write and balance the equation for this reaction: Hydrogen and oxygen react to produce water. 49

50. The type of reaction is present below: Cu +2AgNO 3 ==> Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + 2Ag 50

51. The type of reaction is present below: 2Fe+ 3Cl 2 ==> 2FeCl 3 51

52. The type of reaction is present below: 4Al + 3O 2 ==> 2Al 2 O 3 52

53. The type of reaction is present below: (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ==> 2NH 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O 53

54. Explain the difference between an exothermic and an endothermic reaction. 54

55. List three factors that affect the rate of a reaction and HOW they affect the rate. 55

56. Activation energy is the energy required to get a reaction moving. What can be used in a chemical reaction that increases the rate of the reaction by lowering the activation energy? 56

57. The substances that go into a chemical reaction are called _______. 57

58. What type of reaction is represented in the graph below? 58

59. How are the particles in a solution and a suspension different? 59

60. What is the reason as to why particles in a colloid act in that manner in which they do? 60

61. What is the difference between a solution and a suspension? 61

62. What are the two parts to every solution and how can you tell which is which? 62

63. What color will an acid turn litmus paper? A base? 63

64. Describe the taste of an acid as compared to a base. 64

65. When an acid is dissolved in water, what type of ion will be present? A base? 65

66. Which formula below is an acid and which is a base? Explain how you know. NaOH H 2 SO 4 66

67. If a solution has a low pH, is the solution acidic or basic? Explain. 67

68. Another name for an acid- base reaction is a ________ reaction. 68

69. What must be compared when measuring the concentration of a solution? 69

70. What type of substance will react with metals to produce hydrogen? 70

71. Indicate one way to increase the solubility of salt in water. 71

72. Pressure and solubility are ________ proportional in gases. (Directly or Indirectly) 72

73. A scientist is investigating if the type of wheel affects the speed at which a skateboard travels. What is the independent variable? The dependent variable? 73

74. What is the formula to calculate density? 74

75. True/False: The density of a substance may vary with the quantity of sample. 75

76. What state of matter has a definite volume, but no definite shape? 76

77. Why is it important to create standard units and scientific language? 77

78. What is viscosity? 78

79. What is the difference between mass and weight? 79

80. What is the difference between an observation and an inference? 80

81. Give an example of a quantitative observation and a qualitative observation. 81

82. What must be true of a hypothesis? 82