INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY
Important Vocabularies Chemistry- study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes. Matter- anything that has mass and occupies space
Areas of Study Organic Chemistry- study of all chemicals containing carbon Biochemistry- study of processes that take place in organisms. Analytical chemistry- focuses on the composition of matter. Physical Chemistry- area that deals with mechanism, the rate, and the energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes change
Pure and Applied Chemistry Pure Chemistry- pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake Applied Chemistry- research that is directed toward a practical goal or application
Macroscopic and Microscopic Macroscopic- the world of objects that are large enough to see with unaided eye. Microscopic- the world of objects that can be seen only under magnification
Important contributions of Chemistry and Chemists Chemistry can be useful in explaining the natural world, preparing people for career opportunities, and producing informed citizens. Chemists design materials to fit specific needs Chemists play an essential role in finding ways to conserve energy, produce energy, and store energy
Chemists help to develop more productive crops and safer, more effective ways to protect crops. Chemists help to identify pollutants and prevent pollution. Chemists gather data from afar and analyze matter that is brought back to Earth
Thinking Like A Scientist Alchemy: is where the word Chemistry came from Antoine Lavoisier- helps to transform chemistry from a science of observation to the science of observation that it is today.
The Scientific Method Scientific method- logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem. Steps in the Scientific Method Making observations Testing hypotheses Developing Theories
Important vocabularies Hypothesis: proposed explanation for an observation Experiment: a procedure that is used to test a hypothesis Manipulated Variable: a variable that you change during an experiment Responding Variable: The variable that is observed during the experiment.
Theory: well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations Scientific law: concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments.