MAP Label the following on your map in ink MAP Label the following on your map in ink. Color the countries based on their alliance. Orange-Central Powers, Yellow – Neutral and Green – Allies. Make a Key/Legend for the colors in the box. Use the map on page 375. Neatness counts. Germany Serbia Montenegro Ottoman Empire Albania Greece Bulgaria Romania Denmark Netherlands Norway Sweden Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Sea Britain Portugal Spain Belgium France Russia Switzerland Italy Austria-Hungary Luxembourg You will have only 15 minutes to complete the map. Do not waste your time!

Week 5 Journal 19 For Monday’s Journal write Map Activity. Read the yellow booklet on your desk. Answer the questions below in Tuesday’s section. Who is Archduke Ferdinand? What happened to bring Great Britain into the war? Who is Woodrow Wilson? Why did the US decide to send supplies to the Allies? How long did the war last? Tell one change that took place in the US as a result of World War I.

US Entry to World War answer the following Situation 1 War breaks out in Europe between two great alliance systems called Central Powers and Allies. The disputed issues have nothing to do with the United States. Both alliances want to buy American goods. What should the US do? 1. Sell to both alliances 2. Sell only to one alliance 3. Do not sell to either alliance 4. Other (specify)

WORLD WAR I

Remember these people? Pancho Villa American Engineers General Pershing What are relations like between the countries represented here? What do you think this has to do with World War I?

Section 1 World War I Begins

LONG TERM CAUSES Nationalism Imperialism Militarism Alliance System Triple Entente’ Central Powers

THE ROAD TO WAR Balkan Peninsula Archduke Ferdinand July 28, 1914 Black Hand Gavrillo Princip Domino Effect

US Entry into World War I Situation 2 The Central Powers attack and quickly defeat a small neutral nation. Gruesome stories appear in American newspapers about the atrocities committed by the Central Powers against people of the defeated country. What should the US do? Do nothing, since it doesn’t concern the US Stop selling products to the Central Powers Issue a statement condemning the Central Powers’ actions Declare war on the Central Powers Other (specify)

THE FIGHTING STARTS Germans Kaiser Wilhelm III Trench Warfare Joseph Glidden Elizabeth Shepley Sergeant No Man’s Land

US Entry into World War I Situation 3 The Allies stop United States ships and confiscates goods purchased by the Central Powers. The Allies ignore formal complaints by the United States. What should the US do?

AMERICAN STAND ON THE WAR Neutrality William Jennings Bryan Opposition Naturalized Citizens Socialists – Eugene V. Debs Pacifists – Henry Ford Andrew Carnegie Sympathy for Allies German Aggression US Economic Ties

US Entry into World War I Situation 4 The Allies blockade the ports of The Central Powers which, in desperation, used submarines to attack all ships sailing to and from the ports of The Allies. Neutral US ships, which are protected by international laws are sunk by the submarines. What should the US do?

THE ROAD TO US INVOLVEMENT British Blockade Contraband Winston Churchill German U-Boat Counter Blockade

US Entry into World War I Situation 5 A Central Power submarine sinks a luxury liner belonging to the Allies. Over one thousand passengers drown including 100 vacationing Americans. The Central Powers boast about its actions. What should the US do?

US Entry into World War I Situation 6 The Central Powers promise to stop sinking liners without first warning them and providing for the passengers’ safety. The Central Powers soon disregard its promise and resumes unrestricted submarine warfare on neutral American ships. What should the US do?

US Entry into World War I Situation 7 America learns that the Central Powers asked Mexico to aid in an attack against the US if America enters the war. In return, parts of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona that originally belonged to Mexico will be returned. What should the US do?

THE ROAD TO US INVOLVEMENT American Reactions Lusitania - 1915 Wilson Talks to Germany Sussex Pledge May 1916 – January 1917 National Defense Act of 1916 Strengthened the scope of the National Guard and guaranteed its status as our reserve military

NEUTRALITY COLLAPSES Campaign Slogan - - - Wilson’s Speech “He kept us out of war!” Wilson’s Speech Germany stop or we will get involved Zimmerman Telegraph Arthur Zimmerman January 1917 April 2, 1917

US Entry into World War I Closure Was the US entry into World War I inevitable? Was there anything that the participating nations could have done to prevent it? What are the most effective responses to prevent war?

AMERICAN POWER TIPS THE BALANCE SECTION 2 AMERICAN POWER TIPS THE BALANCE

Marquis Claude Wiginton AMERICA MOBILIZES Conscription – forced military service Selective Service Act Training Where is the fighting? So we have to. . . . . Produce and ship goods Transport Troops Marquis Claude Wiginton 1917

BUILDING A BRIDGE CONVOY SYSTEM Four Steps Ship yard workers Service flags Fabrication Government takeovers CONVOY SYSTEM

Week 4 Journal 17 Name the four long term causes of World War I. What were the two things that drew the US into World War I?

Once in Europe the Doughboys. . . . General Foch Dorothy Lawrence General Pershing Request – bilingual switchboard operators Oleda Joure

Week 5 Journal 20 1. Divide your journal section into two columns Head the first column “Central Powers” Head the second column “Triple Entente” When the war started these were the alliances. List the 3 countries for the Triple Entente and 5 countries for the Central Powers. ( when the war started – before 1915) 2. Which of these alliances became known as the “Allies”? 3. What country left the Central Powers and why? 4. What country left the Allies and why?

FIGHTING IN EUROPE New Weapons Medical Care Big Bertha Zeppelins Machine Guns Mechanized Warfare Eddie Rickenbacker Manfred Richthofen Red Barron Medical Care Red Cross Helen Gwynne-Vaughan Emma Elizabeth Weaver

American Troops Go on the Offensive Italy - 1915 – Vittorio Orlando Russia Vladimir Lenin Bolshevik Party Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Tsar Nicholas II Fresh Troops make the difference

THE TIDE TURNS Western Front Alvin York Conscientious Objector

THE COLLAPSE OF GERMANY SURRENDER November 3, 1918 Kaiser Wilhelm III Mutiny 11th Hour – 11th Day – 11th Month

WORLD WAR I FACTS The war lasted almost four years. The war involved more than 30 nations. About 26 million died. Of those ½ were civilians. 20 million more were wounded. 10 million became refugees.

SECTION 3 THE WAR AT HOME

What ignited the start of the war? Who was blamed for the Archduke’s assassination? Why did Britain declare war on Germany? How General Foch want to use the US forces in Europe? How did the war change the US economy?

CONGRESS GIVES POWER TO WILSON During times of war, congress gives the president a little more freedom with his powers

DIRECT ECONOMIC CONTROL entire economy must be mobilized consumer goods to making war supplies Wilson could set prices and regulate war related industries

WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD Encouraged industries to increase efficiency and use mass production Price controls were placed on the wholesale level but not retail Prices went up for consumers and profits went up for owners

SIDE EFFECTS OF CONTROLS Corsets 8,000 tons of steel Make two battle ships Tall leather boots Soldiers’ boots Long skirts Uniforms Gasless Sundays, lightless nights… March 1918 – Daylight savings time

JOURNAL 15 Read the quote and answer the questions that follow. “There is a growing frenzy of suspicion and hostility toward disloyalty. I am afraid we are going to have a good many instances of people roughly treated on very slight evidence of disloyalty.” What is the writer concerned about? What is the writer meaning by “disloyalty?”

WAR ECONOMY sweetless wheatless meatless Victory Gardens Wages in some industries rose Others did not but the prices continued to rise National War Labor Board – Bernard Baruch Established by Wilson to deal with disputes between workers and management His answer WORK OR FIGHT ! Food Administration – Herbert Hoover Helped produce and conserve food wheatless meatless Victory Gardens

“Hooverize”

SELLING THE WAR War financing Committee on Public Information US spent about 33 billion on the war 1/3 from taxes the other from WAR BONDS Liberty Bonds and Victory Bonds Committee on Public Information Organized to popularize the war Propaganda Posters “Four Minute Men”

ATTACKS ON CIVIL LIBERTIES Anti-immigrant hysteria Foreign born Americans were attacked Mainly German and Austria-Hungarians Even Native-born Americans of German descent Lost jobs No music of German artists Anti-German acts Hamburger, sauerkraut, dachshunds

ESPIONAGE ACT June 1917 Illegal to spy against your country Schenck v. The United States - 1919

SEDITION ACT May 1918 Established penalties for interfering with the draft Obstructing war bonds Being anti-war Some newspapers lost mail privileges because of articles printed Socialists were targeted with these acts Eugene V. Debs

SOCIAL CHANGES DURING WORLD WAR I African Americans and the War Opinion was divided but most supported the war The Great Migration The war accelerated migration north Factors Escape racial discrimination Boll weevils, floods and droughts Assembly lines/factory jobs WW I and drop in immigration numbers opened jobs

Women and the War Women found themselves filling jobs that were traditionally held by men Some participated in the peace movement 19th amendment was passed

Flu Epidemic 1/4th of US population suffered It was an international epidemic Businesses closed Coffin shortage

SECTION 4 WILSON FIGHTS FOR PEACE

Wilson Presents His Plan Fourteen Points Presented to congress 1/18/18 Three groups – divide section into three columns 1. -No secret treaties -freedom of the seas - Reduce arms -Colonial policies be considerate of all involved

2. -The next eight dealt with specific boundaries - Ethnic groups could decide for themselves what country they belonged to

Discuss and settle disputes before going to war 3. Last point called for the organization of the LEAGUE OF NATIONS Discuss and settle disputes before going to war

ALLIES REJECT WILSON’S PLAN Each had their own reason for rejecting the plan

CLEMENCEAU France Slogan was: “MAKE GERMANY PAY” Wanted to protect from future invasions of France He had lived through 2 invasions

DAVID LLOYD GEORGE Britain Won reelection Wanted Germany to be responsible

ORLANDO Italy Wanted control of the Austrian territory

The Central Powers were not included in the talks Only the “BIG FOUR” France Britain United States Italy Russia was not invited to the talks

Week 5 Journal 21 Write one important fact from each of the following topics: World War I World War I on the Home Front Peace Efforts(Fourteen Points and Treaty of Versailles)

TREATY OF VERSAILLES Provisions of the treaty 1. Established nine new nations Including Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia Moved boundaries of other countries

2. Carved 4 areas out of the Ottoman Empire and gave them to Britain and France as mandates Britain got - Iraq, Palestine, Trans-Jordan France got – Syria, Lebanon

3. Germany was demilitarized Their army was reduced to 100,000 men 4. Germany had to return Alsace-Lorraine to France

5. Germany had to pay reparations to Allies 6. Germany was forced to acknowledge that it alone was responsible for the war 7. Establish the League of Nations

THE TREATY’S WEAKNESSES Harsh on Germany causing it to be hard to establish lasting peace Germany was humiliated Germany was never going to be able to pay reparations

Russia lost more land than Germany Russia felt ignored by the “BIG FOUR” – they had not been included in the peace talks Russia lost more land than Germany Germany was stripped of its colonial possessions Could have helped pay reparations

HOMEROOM PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE OR WRITE ON THE NAME TAGS ON YOUR DESKS THANK YOU SO MUCH HOPE YOU HAVE A GREAT DAY

BOTH Treaty of Wilson’s Versailles Fourteen Points Be nice points Create mandates Germany demilitarize G. Return land to F. G pay reparations G take responsibility Be nice points Reduce arms No secret treaties Freedom of the seas Respect other countries possessions and peoples New countries New boundaries Create League Of Nations

Propaganda Any widespread effort to promote an idea, opinion, or course of action in order to help or do damage to a cause or person etc…

About this time in history . . . . . HO CHI MINH Asked Wilson to help him establish a constitutional government in Vietnam Wilson refused Ho Chi Minh later established the Indochina Communist Party Fought against the French and Americans in the ‘60s and ‘70s

OPPOSITION TO THE TREATY Many Americans were against the treaty because it was so harsh and seemed to support imperialism.

US DEBATE OVER THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS Some Americans felt it contradicted the US policy of staying out of European affairs Henry Cabot Lodge led the opposition to membership in the League of Nations

Wilson did not chose the delegation carefully – lots of opposition He appealed to the people 8000 mile tour He had a stroke Partially paralyzed for 2 months This is not a time for tactics. It is a time to stand square. I cannot stand retreat from a conscience duty.

US signed a separate treaty with Germany 1921 Wilson was not president now Never joined the League of Nations US had an observer at the meetings

LEGACY OF WAR Germans were shocked by the armistice and the Treaty of Versailles Desperate economic conditions in Germany 1923 depression Burned money for fuel Loss of jobs

Germans were searching for scapegoats Adolph Hitler – Austrian Corporal Blamed problems on Jews and socialists He and Nazi party won control of the German Government in 1933 His policies led to WW II

The war had strengthened Americans’ determination to stay out of European affairs Isolationism They wanted to return to normal

CREATE A TIMELINE Large enough to read easily Include at least 8 international events and dates Include at least 4 US events and dates Range of years 1900 to 1920 Include two or more visuals Make sure you use relevant dates Make it interesting

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AFTER WORLD WAR I During war many items had been rationed War is over and price freezes were lifted Everybody is buying everything Caused rapid inflation Raised the cost of living

The standard of living rose also Electrical convenience Radios, refrigerators, stoves, toasters Airplane industry took off 1918 – 1st mail 1927 – passenger Automobiles became popular

STRIKES During the war Wilson did not allow strikes When the war was over many workers went on strike 1919 – 3,600 strikes involving four million workers

SEATTLE GENERAL STRIKE Wanted higher wages and shorter hours Walked off job Grew into a GENERAL STRIKE Did not get demands Caused fear among American people This was a tactic used by European Communist Workers

BOSTON POLICE STRIKE 75% of police walked off the job Riots and looting started Mass. Governor CALVIN COOLIDGE called in National Guard Police commissioner fired strikers and hired new officers

THE STEEL STRIKE 350,000 workers walked off job Elbert Gary – head of US Steel – would not talk to union Used anti immigrant feelings to split workers Hired African Americans and Mexicans to keep steel mills open Strike collapsed

RACIAL UNREST American soldiers returned home from war needing a job Jobs were filled with African Americans Much violence Summer 1919 – 20 race riots Worst in Chicago – days 38 killed – 15 white – 23 black 500 injured

RED SCARE An increase in strikes caused concern about the spread of communism Believed communist would take control of the government

April 1919 - postal service intercepted more than 30 packages with bombs Targeted leading business men June 1919 8 bombs in 8 cities went off within minutes of each other Could be a nation wide conspiracy

70,000 Americans joined the communist party Communist wanted to Overthrow capitalist system Abolish free enterprise Abolish private property

PALMER RAIDS One of bombs damaged home of US Atty. Gen. Mitchell Palmer Took action against the Red Scare Appointed J. Edgar Hoover as head of Anti-radical Division of the Justice Department FBI

Palmer sent agents to hunt down communists, anarchists, socialists Agents showed no regard for civil rights Deported many without trial Raids never turned up anything Claimed something big would happen on May 1, 1920 It did not and people stopped listening to him

END OF PROGRESSIVISM 1920 election Roosevelt ran on a platform of continuing Wilson’s programs Harding ran on a platform of a return to NORMALCY Wins in a landslide

The people of the country hoped to stop the racial tensions and labor unrest and fix the economic problems They wanted a more stable society