Metals and nonmetals Ch.4, section 3 and 4

Alkali Metals (group 1) React with other elements by losing one electron. Very reactive Found only in compounds Some are shiny and so soft that you can cut them with a plastic knife. Sodium and potassium are the two most important alkali metals. (important for life) Lithium, sodium, potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Francium

Alkaline Earth Metals (group 2) Fairly hard, gray-white, and a good conductor of electricity. Lose two electrons in reactions Not as reactive as group 1, but are still very reactive. Two most common alkaline metals are magnesium and calcium. Beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium

Transition metals (groups 3-12) Good conductors of electricity Many from colorful compounds Less reactive than groups 1 and 2 Some are important to your health. (you would not survive without iron) Most noticeable: gold, silver, copper, iron, nickel.

Metals in mixed groups (groups 13-15) Are not as nearly as reactive as the metals on the left side of the periodic table. Most common are tin and lead.

Lanthanides (below the table) Soft, malleable, shiny with high conductivity. Mixed with common metals to make alloys. Alloy is a mixture of a metal with at least one other element, usually another metal.

Actinides (below the table) Below the lanthanides Only actinium, thorium, protactinium, and uranium occur naturally on Earth.

Families of non-metals The carbon family: -Each element can gain, lose, or share 4 electrons when reacting with other elements. -G-14: only carbon is a nonmetal. -Carbon is important in the chemistry of life. -- compounds are made of long chains of carbon. -Carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead

Nitrogen family (group 15) Contains 2 nonmetals. (nitrogen and phosporus) Usually gain or share 3 electrons in reactions. Nitrogen makes up 80 % of the atmosphere. Is a form of diatomic molecule. Consists of 2 atoms. (N2) Nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth

.. Periodic Table rowscolumns Patterns of properties