Renaissance and Baroque Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp

Topics The Renaissance in France The Renaissance in France The Renaissance in England The Renaissance in England The Early Baroque The Early Baroque

The Renaissance in France The Italian Renaissance made its way to France partly through French military interventions in Italy The Italian Renaissance made its way to France partly through French military interventions in Italy The artistic influence of the Italian Renaissance made its way back to France The artistic influence of the Italian Renaissance made its way back to France The French transported Italian art back to France and hired Italian architects for commissions The French transported Italian art back to France and hired Italian architects for commissions French also sent students to study the arts in Italy French also sent students to study the arts in Italy

The Renaissance in France The cultural center of France during the sixteenth century was in the valley of the Loire The cultural center of France during the sixteenth century was in the valley of the Loire Not Paris Not Paris A popular leisure and vacation spot by the rulers and nobility of France A popular leisure and vacation spot by the rulers and nobility of France Key structures Key structures Chateau of Blois Chateau of Blois Chateau of Chambord Chateau of Chambord

The Renaissance in France Chateau of Blois Chateau of Blois Illustrates the transition from Medieval to Renaissance style through a series of expansions over the centuries Illustrates the transition from Medieval to Renaissance style through a series of expansions over the centuries Begun in the thirteenth century Begun in the thirteenth century Between 1498 and 1504, Louis XII added an east wing that would ultimately include a courtyard Between 1498 and 1504, Louis XII added an east wing that would ultimately include a courtyard Between 1515 and 1524, Frances I added a north wing and an extravagant spiraling staircase Between 1515 and 1524, Frances I added a north wing and an extravagant spiraling staircase

The Renaissance in France

Chateau of Chambord Chateau of Chambord Built in the countryside in the style of a fortified castle Built in the countryside in the style of a fortified castle The “keep” of the structure has a suite of rooms in each corner The “keep” of the structure has a suite of rooms in each corner Features a double staircase Features a double staircase Persons ascending one side are unable to see people ascending the otherside Persons ascending one side are unable to see people ascending the otherside

The Renaissance in France

After 1526, the French capitol became fixed in Paris After 1526, the French capitol became fixed in Paris Many building improvements were undertaken on existing structures Many building improvements were undertaken on existing structures Key structures Key structures Louvre Palace Louvre Palace Place Royale Place Royale

The Renaissance in France Louvre Palace Louvre Palace Underwent many structural expansions in the Renaissance style Underwent many structural expansions in the Renaissance style A series of courtyards were added A series of courtyards were added The façade was redesigned The façade was redesigned Corinthian and Composite half columns and pilasters Corinthian and Composite half columns and pilasters Elongated windows and pavilions at the extremities and the center Elongated windows and pavilions at the extremities and the center Sculpture was added by Jean Goujon Sculpture was added by Jean Goujon A famous French sculptor of the time A famous French sculptor of the time

The Renaissance in France

The Place Royale The Place Royale Now known as the Place des Vosges Now known as the Place des Vosges Laid out from 1605 to 1612 Laid out from 1605 to 1612 Used for residential purposes Used for residential purposes Each house was four bays wide and three stories high Each house was four bays wide and three stories high The royal pavilions featured more elaborate décor and higher rooflines The royal pavilions featured more elaborate décor and higher rooflines Although the shared the same arcades with the other “commoner” pavilions Although the shared the same arcades with the other “commoner” pavilions

The Renaissance in France

The Renaissance in England The earliest expression of the Renaissance in England appeared in sculpture and the decorative arts The earliest expression of the Renaissance in England appeared in sculpture and the decorative arts The Gothic style continued to survive in England throughout the Renaissance although there were a few structures of the Renaissance style The Gothic style continued to survive in England throughout the Renaissance although there were a few structures of the Renaissance style Wollaton Hall, Nottingham Wollaton Hall, Nottingham Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire

The Renaissance in England Wollaton Hall, Nottingham Wollaton Hall, Nottingham An example of some of the great houses built during the Elizabethan period in England An example of some of the great houses built during the Elizabethan period in England Designed by Robert Smythson for the Sheriff of Nottingham Designed by Robert Smythson for the Sheriff of Nottingham Symmetrical square plan Symmetrical square plan Corner pavilions Corner pavilions Long gallery for lodging Long gallery for lodging

The Renaissance in England

Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire Shares many of Wollaton’s characteristics in plan and elevation Shares many of Wollaton’s characteristics in plan and elevation Features contiguous exterior colonnades that reflect contemporary Italian design Features contiguous exterior colonnades that reflect contemporary Italian design

The Renaissance in England

Early Baroque Architecture Unlike the Renaissance, which was brought on by rich merchants and traders, the Baroque was brought on by the Catholic Church in Rome Unlike the Renaissance, which was brought on by rich merchants and traders, the Baroque was brought on by the Catholic Church in Rome Commissioned many works that would become the Baroque style during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Commissioned many works that would become the Baroque style during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

Early Baroque Architecture Basilica of St. Peter Basilica of St. Peter the most important Christian monument in Rome the most important Christian monument in Rome 25 years after the death of Michelangelo reconstruction on the dome began 25 years after the death of Michelangelo reconstruction on the dome began Was at last brought to completion during the Baroque period Was at last brought to completion during the Baroque period Finished in 1612 and consecrated by the Pope in 1626 Finished in 1612 and consecrated by the Pope in 1626

Early Baroque Architecture

References Sullivan, Mary; Sullivan, Mary; Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to Postmodernity Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to Postmodernity Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture

Renaissance and Baroque Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp