1. The Northern Renaissance

2. Similarities / Diff. of North, Italian R.
Differences
North had one small, rich duchy, Burgundy
A few large, centralized states = less innovation, merchant power
North had fewer artists spread over larger area
North had less focus on Greek, Roman revival; instead, focus was on religious reform
Same religion, until 1517 (Catholicism)
Same economic system (guilds)
An artistic center
In Italy, Florence
In North, Burgundy (in Belgium)

3. The Printing Press
Chinese invention that was independently developed in Europe
Invented around 1444
Guild secret
Gutenberg used indiv. reusable letters
New ink to stick to metal
1455: First book off printing press = Bible

4. Impact of Printing Press
By 1500 = 20 million books printed
By 1600 = million books printed
Cheap books + large supply = more literacy
Education became accessible to regular people (esp. universities)
Scientific Revolution accelerated b/c scientists learned from each other
Printing press allowed Protestant Reformation b/c ideas spread quickly

5. Flanders / Belgium
Center of Northern Renaissance were the Dukes of Burgundy
Rich, from wool and banking
Patrons of the arts
Artists flocked to Bruges, Brussels
Duchy eventually conquered, divided between France, HRE

6. France
Charles VII ( ) brought Ren. ideas from Italy – started French Ren.
Erasmus ( )
Dutch humanist & Catholic reformer (Disagreed w/ Luther)
“Philosophy of Christ”: church departing from selfless love, piety
Translated Bible from Greek
In Praise of Folly – satire of Church

7. England “Elizabethan Age” = Ren. England Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
The “Virgin Queen”
Great patron of the arts
Francis Bacon: scientific method
Ben Jonson: Poet, actor, playwright
Christopher Marlowe: poet, actor – spy?

8. William Shakespeare Considered greatest writer of English language
Wrote 38 plays, 154 sonnets
Popular during life: called the “Bard of Avon”

9. Northern Renaissance Painters
Characteristics
anatomy, perspective
mastery of technique, detail of subject
Great Artists of Period
Hubert van Eyck ( )
Jan van Eyck ( )
Albrecht Durer ( )
Hans Holbein ( )
Hubert van Eyck – 3 Marys at the Tomb

10. Northern Renaissance Painters
Hubert & Jan van Eyck, Altarpiece of Ghent
Albrecht Durer – Adoration of the Magi

11. Northern Renaissance Painters
Durer, Mary with the Squatting Child
Hans Holbein, The Artist’s Family

12. Northern Renaissance Painters
Holbein, Portrait of Henry VIII
Holbein, Jane Seymour

13. Northern European Architecture
Medieval architectural style = Gothic
Many cathedrals, abbeys, etc. built in style
During late 15th and into 16th centuries, architecture evolved into fusion of Italian Ren. and local preferences
Gothic Cathedral, Reims France

14. Examples of French Renaissance Architecture
Château de Chenonceau, Loire
Chateau de Chambord (combo Gothic / Ren)

15. Examples of English Renaissance Architecture
Burghley House, 1587
Hardwick Hall, 1597

16. Other Examples of Renaissance Architecture
The Escorial - Spain
Esztergom Basilica – Hungary