Classical Imperial India: Expansion & Collapse. A. The Mauryan Empire (324 B. C. E.–184 B. C. E.) 1.Agricultural & iron production Mauryan Empire Chandragupta.

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Presentation transcript:

Classical Imperial India: Expansion & Collapse

A. The Mauryan Empire (324 B. C. E.–184 B. C. E.) 1.Agricultural & iron production Mauryan Empire Chandragupta 2.Mauryan Empire founded by Chandragupta Kautilya: -Kautilya: a Machiavellian Brahmin & advisor -wrote book of political statecraft -network of spies Imperial government 3.Imperial government: -large army -25% percent tax on all goods

Ashoka 5. most famous Mauryan emperor: Ashoka (r. 269–232 B. C. E.) - shaken by carnage in brutal war & converted to Buddhism “rock edicts” - inscribed Buddhist policies throughout empire on rocks & pillars ( “rock edicts”) - built extensive roads

B. Commerce & Culture political 1.The Mauryan empire collapsed in 184 B. C. E. due to: political fragmentation fragmentation 2.Economic development: creation of guilds & merchants 3.Cultural developments: creation of epic Indian literature: – Ramayana – Bhagavad Gita

C. The Gupta Empire (320 C. E.–550 C. E.) Gupta Empire Chandra Gupta II 1.Gupta Empire conquered north & central India, lead by Chandra Gupta II -iron deposits, state monopolies, 25% agricultural tax provincial administration left to governors 2.army controlled core of empire, but provincial administration left to governors (hereditary) theater-state 3.lack of military force created “theater-state” - redistributing wealth from trade & elaborate ceremonies

4.Achievements: - math & astronomy - invented our “Arabic” numerals - concept of “zero” Faxian’s - Chinese monk Faxian’s travel journal through Gupta India 5.Women’s rights: NO inheritance or property… treated like lowest varna - married very young - widow may be required to burn herself sati on her husband’s funeral pyre (sati)

dominated by Hinduism & classic form of Hindu temples 6.dominated by Hinduism & classic form of Hindu temples 7.Gupta India linked by extensive trade networks rule of local princes & financial burden of defense HUNS C. E Gupta empire collapsed under rule of local princes & financial burden of defense against HUNS

Extensive Trade: 4 th c. Extensive Trade: 4 th c. spices spices gold & ivory rice & wheat horses cotton goods silks Out of India: cotton, rice, wheat, & SPICES Into India: horses, gold, ivory, silk, & SPICES

Medicine Literature Mathematics Astronomy Printed medicinal guides 1000 diseases classified Plastic Surgery C-sections performed Inoculations 500 healing plants identified Decimal System Concept of Zero PI = Kalidasa Solar Calendar The earth is round Gupta India Gupta Achievements

ROMANS, HAN & GUPTA Economic Social Political