Veyerinary Immunology 兽医免疫学 王 家 鑫 Tel: ,

Global perspectives of veterinary education All who work in veterinary education must recognize the breadth of their responsibilities. We are at a time in veterinary history where the profession must look how to meet a global standard for veterinary education and the global recognition of our basic qualification.

There is a societal expectation that a professional approach is being taken to managing food security and food safety, as well as the environment and biodiversity. — J Vet Med Educ. 2004,31(1):9-12.

Immunity 免疫力， immune 免疫 Infectious agent 感染性生物 Infectious disease 感染性疾病 Invasion 侵入 Colonization 克隆繁殖 Innate 与生俱来的 innate immunity 固有免疫 Adaptive 适应性的 adaptive immunity 适应性免疫 Pathogen 病原体 Immune system 免疫系统

Secrete 分泌 secretion Infalmmatory 炎症的 inflammation Modulate 调节 Physiological 生理学的 physiology Microorganism 微生物 Epithelial 上皮的 epithelial cell Tissue 组织 Organ 器官 Digestive tract 消化道 Respiratory tract 呼吸道

General Introduction 免疫学简介

What is Immunity? Immunity, ability of an organism( 有机体 ) to resist disease by identifying and destroying foreign substances （ 异物 ） or organisms. Immunity is the ability of the body to resist or fight off infection （ 感染 ） and disease.

Immunity is a state of resistance （ 抵抗 ） to an agent, the pathogen （ 病原体 ）, that normally produces an infection. Pathogens include microorganisms （ 微生物 ） such as bacteria and viruses, as well as larger parasites （ 寄生虫 ）.

What is Immunology?

Immunology is the study of the ways in which the body defends itself from infectious agents and other foreign substances in its environment.

What is Immune System?

And, what’s more ★ Immune cells distributed in non-lymphoid tissues. 非淋巴组织中的免疫细胞 ★ Immune molecules Antibody( 抗体 ), Interleukin(IL, 白介素 ), complement( 补体 ).

Our Final Goals in the Study of Veterinary Immunology 兽医免疫学的基本任务 What are the components of immune system? How do they work? How do animals defend themselves? Why did animal fail to win the tug of war （ 拉锯战 ） sometimes? How to help them in favor of their health?

Two arms of immune system Innate immune system 天然 ( 固有 ) 免疫系统 Adaptive immune system 适应性免疫系统

Innate immunity Innate immunity is present in all normal individuals and operates on different infectious agents in the same way every time when the individual is exposed to the agents （致病因素）.

Innate immunity is also present at all times in normal individuals( 个体 ), modulated by physiological conditions( 生理条件 ). Innate immunity does NOT distinguish( 区分 ) among microorganisms of different species, and does NOT alter( 改变 ) in intensity( 强度 ) upon re-exposure( 再次暴露 ).

Cellular and molecular components of innate immune system Monocyte （单核细胞）, Macrophage （ MΦ ，巨噬细胞 ）, Dendritic cell （ DC, 树突细胞）, T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte （ T 细胞， B 细胞） Natural killer cell （ NK 细胞）, Mast cell （肥大细胞）, Neutrophil （中性粒细胞）, NKT Cell (NKT 细胞 ), Complement （补体）

The characteristics of the innate immunity include: ♠ response are non-specific( 非特异性的 ); ♠ there is no memory or lasting protective immunity; ♠ there is a limited repertoire( 储备 ) of recognition molecules( 识别分子 ); ♠ the responses are phylogenetically( 进化上 ) ancient.

Adaptive immunity Cellular and molecular components of the adaptive immune system ★ T cells, cell-mediated immune response cytokines, IL-4, IL-17, interferon(IFN-γ) ★ B cells, humoral immune response antibody

The adaptive immune system is quiescent( 安静的 ) until stimulated by a specific infection. This system is capable of exquisitely( 精细 ) distinguishing among microorganisms and significantly alters in its intensity and response time upon re-exposure.

characteristicInnate immunityAdaptive immunity specificitynon-specific indiscriminating Specific, discriminating mechanicalepitheliumImmune induced reactive fibrosis(granuloma) humoralpH, lysozyme,serum proteins antibody cellularWhite blood cellsSpecifically sensitized lymphocytes inductionDoes not require immunization; constitutively Requires immunization Comparison of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Cardinal Features of Adaptive Immune Responses 适应性免疫应答的主要特点 Specificity & Diversity 特异性与多样性 Memory 免疫记忆 Specialization 高度特化 Self-limitation 自我限制 Nonreactivity to self, tolerance 自身耐受

Immune Cells

Phagocytes 吞噬细胞 Phagocytosis 吞噬作用

Mononuclear Phagocytes 单个核吞噬细胞 The Monocyte-Macrophage System

Lymphocytes

B Lymphocyte

Plasma Cells and Macrophages

T Lymphocyte

Antigen Presenting Cells 抗原提呈细胞

初始 T 细胞活化 效应 T 细胞

课程安排 理论课： 38 学时。 实验课： 18 学时。 3 次 “ 自助式实验课 ” 。 课程俱乐部：写 10 个摘要， 3 次 Seminar 。 免疫学奥林匹克大赛： 2 次。

实验内容 1. 凝集反应与沉淀反应 2. 巨噬细胞吞噬实验 3. 淋巴细胞转化实验 4. 溶血空斑实验 5. 酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA) 6. 超敏反应实验

Thank you!