Ethical Leadership and a Pro-Integrity Approach to Good Governance Chloe Schwenke, Ph.D

Leadership is not a person or a position. It is a complex moral relationship between people, based on trust, obligation, commitment, emotion, and a shared vision of the good. Ethics lie at the heart of all human relationships and hence at the heart of the relationship between leaders and followers. Joanne Ciulla

3 Defining ETHICAL LEADERSHIP Leadership is an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes that reflect their mutual purpose Leadership has two characteristics: –Multidirectional - influence flows in all directions and not just from the top down; and –Noncoercive - not based on authority, power, or dictatorial actions but is based on persuasive behaviors

4 Defining ETHICAL LEADERSHIP, continued Leadership: –Claim a sense of the public good –Build a deliberative society –Bridge across deep divisions –Offer hope Success directly linked to moral character and integrity of leaders, and their ability to build strong institutions –Institutions with leaders who articulate and model moral values –Checks and balances (against periods of weak leadership) –Measured by the quality of life enjoyed by citizens

5 Defining INTEGRITY All leading anti-corruption assessment initiatives focus on corruption, or “integrity systems” The immoral presumption ~ if people think they can get ahead (or get by) through corrupt means, they’ll do so. Are human beings – and their institutions - morally deficient, if not degenerate, by nature? Do people aspire towards integrity and virtue? Do people “accept” corruption? Question: Why do we concentrate on constraining corruption and not also on fostering (and celebrating) integrity?

6 Leadership ≠ Management ≠ Rule Leaders exert influence to transform the status quo in a way that reflects the purposes that they hold mutually with their followers Managers are responsible for efficient and effective transactions, and operate in relationships based on authority. –Managers maintain the status quo Rulers exert their will through force, fear, intimidation, exploitation, or deceitful manipulation to coerce others to achieve the ruler’s goals

7 A PRO-INTEGRITY approach Creating the environment for integrity Linking moral ideals with good governance Seeking out and celebrating integrity in leadership Moral and civic education ~ ethical citizenship Moral dialogue ~ tapping in to public concern Ethical tools ~ developing better tools for normative analysis Orientation ~ integrity is not just a set of rules

8 A PRO-INTEGRITY APPROACH to fighting corruption Pursuing justice, virtue, and caring Shaming ~ “frying the big fish” Political will ~ commitment to rule of law Integrity ~ Setting and modeling high ethical standards of leadership Retributive justice ~ making the penalty for corruption fit the crime Restorative justice ~ healing the wounds of victims, offenders and communities Compassion ~ caring for the victims of corruption