HEALTH A state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity and ability to lead a socially and economically productive life.

PUBLIC HEALTH The Science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting physical and mental health and efficiency through organized community efforts for the sanitation of the environment, control of communicable infections, education of the individuals and the organization of medical and nursing services for the maintenance of health.

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE It is a branch of medicine which deals with healthy people. It is the science and art of  Promotion of physical and mental health,  Prevention of diseases,  Disability limitation and  Prolonging life and efficiency.

It is an art and science of application of technical knowledge and skills to the delivery of health care to a given community designed in collaboration with related professions as well as human and social sciences on the one hand and the community on the other. COMMUNITY MEDICINE

DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH Health is multifactorial In the individual – Genetic make up In the environment Health promoting deleterious effect

BIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS Physical & mental traits – genes Genetic make up is unique Genetic Diseases – chromosomal abnormalities - Errors of Metabolism - Mental Retardation - Diabetes & CVD. Health: a state which is based upon the absence from genetic constitutional serious defects and presence of normal chromosomal characterization to express potential of his genetic make up.

Behavioural and Socio-cultural Conditions  Life style the way people live  Social values, attitudes & activities  Personal habits  Behaviours – promoting health  Adverse effects on health  Association between health & life style  Health problems Developed - CHD - Lack of sanitation - Obesity - Poor nutrition - Lung cancers - Personal hygiene - Addiction - Human habits - Physical activity - Smoking & Addiction

Environmental Determinants - Internal - External - Physical - Biological - Psychosocial - Direct impact on health - favourable - Unfavourable - Protection & Promotion of family and environmental health

Socio-economic Conditions S.E development Per capita Income, GNP Education Nutrition Employment/Occupation Housing Political System

Health Services Personal & family services Community services For - Treatment of diseases - Prevention of diseases - Promotion of health - Improve health status of people - Decrease – Morbidity _ Mortality Services - Social periphery - Equitable distribution - Accessible to all - Affordable cost - Socially acceptable

Aging of the population In world more than one billion in 2020 Two third in developing countries Increase in chronic diseases Increase in disabilities

Gender Increased conc. Of women’s issue Action on women’s health for - Nutrition - Reproductive health - Health consequences of violence - Life style & related conditions - Ageing - Occupational environment

Health Indicators  Measure Health status of a Community/country  Comparison of health status between two communities/Countries.  Assessment of health care needs  Allocation of scare resources  Monitoring & Evaluation of health services, activities & programmes.  The extent to which the objectives & targets are being attained.

Mortality Indicators Crude death rate Expectation of life Infant mortality rate Child mortality rate Under -5 Mortality rate Maternal mortality rate Disease specific mortality rate Proportional mortality rate