U.S. History Chapter 18 Sections 1 & 2 Essential Question: What is imperialism and why did American expansionism/imperialism during the late 1800s and early 1900s result in the Spanish American War and the war in the Philippines?

Imperialism The policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories What countries had been est. colonies for centuries, why shouldn’t the U.S. join in? How did the belief in manifest destiny contribute to U.S. imperialism? What are current examples of U.S. imperialism?

Factors Influencing U.S. Imperialism Economic Factors Economic Factors Nationalism Nationalism Military Factors Military Factors Humanitarian Factors??? Humanitarian Factors???

William McKinley 25 th President of the U.S. in office Advocate of U.S. Imperialism abroad Independent country of Hawaii annexed during his presidency Assassination leads to Teddy Roosevelt’s assumption of Presidency

Military Strength U.S. must keep up with other nations that est. global military presence Navy officer Alfred T. Mahan urged the U.S. compete with other nations By 1890 U.S. is world’s 3 rd largest navel power Alfred T. Mahan

New Markets Technology allows American farms/factories to produce more than can be consumed What to do with extra products? Need new markets to sell them in Being in control of the market gives you favorable conditions

Cultural Superiority? U.S. thought American way of life is the best U.S. thought American way of life is the best It was their duty to “Americanize” & Christianize the rest of the world It was their duty to “Americanize” & Christianize the rest of the world Social Darwinism + racism justified increased imperialism Social Darwinism + racism justified increased imperialism

The United States begins to flex its muscles internationally Other countries begin to see that the U.S. is becoming one of the strongest countries in the world The U.S. has shown the world it is capable of using its military to get what it wants

Chapter 18 Section 1 Review: What is imperialism? 3 goals of U.S. imperialism? President who was first advocate of U.S. imperialism? How much did the U.S. buy Alaska for? Why has Hawaii been important to the U.S. since the 1790s? Who set up the first U.S. controlled gov’t in Hawaii?

Chapter 18 Section 2 The Spanish American War

Causes: 1. U.S. involvement in Cuban independence from Spain 2. Yellow Journalism Results: 1. Treaty of Paris - Cuban independence - Spain gives U.S. Puerto Rico & Guam - $20 mil for Phil (U.S. buys The Philippines for $20 million in 1898)

Americans want Cuba How far is Cuba from the United States? During the 1800s Cuba repeatedly tries to gain independence from Spain Americans invest millions in Cuban Sugar plantations

Hawaii Hawaii has been economically important to U.S. since 1790s Merchants stop there on the way to China In 1820s children of U.S. missionaries stay in Hawaii & become sugar planters, sell most of the sugar to the U.S.

Revolution in Cuba Rebels hoping for Cuban independence began a revolution and destroyed property owned by Spanish and Americans in Cuba They hoped to force the U.S. to intervene Americans are split, should they aid a revolution like 1776 or should they protect their business interests and side with Spain What does Cuba Libre mean? A free Cuba

Spain gets tough Spain sends Valeriano Weyler to restore order Weyler puts 300,000 Cubans in concentration camps Americans are outraged by his actions Weyler

Yellow Journalism During late 19 th century newspapers are fighting for readers War will sell newspapers Newspapers favor a war with Spain to make money Yellow Journalism: Sensationalize headlines, exaggerate the news to gain new readers Embellish events in Cuba, call Weyler a “butcher”

U.S.S. Maine Warship stationed in Havana Harbor to protect Americans in Cuba 1898 ship mysteriously blows up Newspapers immediately blame Spain, War is declared Ship exploded from an internal explosion, not a Spanish bomb

Remember the Maine and to Hell with Spain! Funeral for Maine victims in Havana 1898: ship mysteriously blows up in Havana Harbor

Rough Riders Volunteer cavalry regiment led by Theodore Roosevelt Volunteer cavalry regiment led by Theodore Roosevelt Helped led charge up San Juan Hill, the most important land battle of Spanish-American War Helped led charge up San Juan Hill, the most important land battle of Spanish-American War Roosevelt gained fame from his role with the Rough Riders Roosevelt gained fame from his role with the Rough Riders Teddy Roosevelt

“A splendid little war” Spanish-American War lasts only 16 weeks The results still are important today Cuban Independence U.S still controls Guam & Puerto Rico Large amount of U.S. imperial influence in the Philippines and the rest of world after the war.

Philippine-American War How much did the U.S. buy the Philippines from Spain for per the Treaty of Paris? Filipinos are not happy with American occupation U.S. mistreats the Filipinos just as Spain did Filipinos revolt using guerrilla tactics It took 3 years for the U.S. to put down the rebellion Philippines granted independence in 1946

Cuba and the United States Despite Cuban independence, the U.S. seeks to influence Cuba American soldiers occupy Cuba after the Spanish-American War Americans let the same officials who had served Spain remain in charge of Cuba Cubans write a constitution that does not mention any official relationship with the U.S.

Platt Amendment (1903) – Cuba becomes a protectorate 1.Cuba can’t make treaties that limit independence or allow foreign power to control territory 2.The U.S. Could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an independent govt. 3.Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. For naval station. 4.Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt. Cuban Independence?

Puerto Rico Many Puerto Ricans want independence others want statehood Why is Puerto Rico important to U.S.? 1. Maintaining U.S. presence in Caribbean 2. Protecting future canal to be built in Panama

Foraker Act At first Puerto Rico has a military government At first Puerto Rico has a military government In 1900, U.S. passes the Foraker Act which ends military rule & sets up a civil government In 1900, U.S. passes the Foraker Act which ends military rule & sets up a civil government Foraker Act gave the president of the U.S. power to appoint Puerto Rico’s governor and members of its upper house Foraker Act gave the president of the U.S. power to appoint Puerto Rico’s governor and members of its upper house PR becomes a U.S. Territory

Hawaiian Annexation As white sugar planters become more powerful they import laborers from other countries By 1900 foreigners outnumber Hawaiians 3 to 1 Americans pressure gov’t annex the islands to continue the beneficial trading relationship

Hawaii becomes a territory Native Hawaiians resist annexation U.S. Marines are sent in to “protect” Americans in Hawaii Marines help overthrow the Queen Sanford B. Dole sets up first U.S. controlled gov’t Hawaii becomes a territory in 1898 Sanford B. Dole

U.S. “Sphere of Influence”

The Open Door Policy Secretary of State John Hay. Give all nations equal access to trade in China. Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power. Open Door Notes = preserve Chinese independence and protect American interests

The Boxer Rebellion: 1900 “55 Days at Peking.” Foreigners & Chinese Christians killed “kill the foreign devils”