WHAT NEXT FOR NEPAL? Evidence on What Matters for Building Resilience After the Gorkha Earthquake RESILIENCE AT MERCY CORPS

RESILIENCE & MEASUREMENT AT MERCY CORPS

The capacity of communities in complex socio-ecological systems to learn, cope, adapt, and transform in the face of shocks and stresses. Resilience: RESILIENCE AT MERCY CORPS

FOUR COMPONENTS OF RESILIENCE

RESILIENCE AT MERCY CORPS THE FOUR FRAMING QUESTIONS of RESILIENCE

RESILIENCE FRAMEWORK RESILIENCE AT MERCY CORPS

RESILIENCE MEASUREMENT AND EVIDENCE Outcome-Based Measurement Approach RESILIENCE AT MERCY CORPS

CAPACITIES RESILIENCE AT MERCY CORPS RESOURCES PRE-SHOCK STRATEGIES POST-SHOCK Ability of people and systems to achieve improved well-being in the face of shocks and stresses

MEASURING RESILIENCE AFTER THE GORKHA EARTHQUAKE

RESILIENCE AT MERCY CORPS Sindhupalchowk

RESILIENCE MEASUREMENT AND EVIDENCE Philippines Research Questions RESILIENCE AT MERCY CORPS  What role did the following factors play in supporting households to cope with and recover from the earthquake?: Disaster preparedness and response Social relationships and networks Access to and use of financial services Access to and use of economic options  Which pre-shock capacities predicted more effective and less effective responses following the earthquake?  What groups were most and least likely to possess or have access to important resilience capacities?

RESILIENCE MEASUREMENT AND EVIDENCE Philippines HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS EARTHQUAKE SEVERITY WELLBEING / WELFARE OUTCOMES PRE-SHOCK CAPACITIES POST-SHOCK CAPACITIES/ RESPONSES Analytical Framework HOUSEHOLD CONTROLS & WARD FIXED EFFECTS RESILIENCE AT MERCY CORPS

RESILIENCE MEASUREMENT AND EVIDENCE: WHAT NEXT FOR NEPAL? RESILIENCE AT MERCY CORPS Philippines HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS Model 2: PRE-SHOCK CAPACITIES WELFARE OUTCOMES Model 1: HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS PRE-SHOCK CAPACITIES POST-SHOCK CAPACITIES Model 3: HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS + Model 4: PRE-SHOCK CAPACITIES POST-SHOCK CAPACITIES + WELFARE OUTCOMES HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS +

RESILIENCE MEASUREMENT AND EVIDENCE Household Characteristics Caste Women Decision- Maker Female HOH Pre-Shock Capacities Disaster Preparedness + Locus of Control Social Capital Access to Finance Access to Economic Options Post-Shock Capacities Disaster Response Drawing on Social Capital Drawing on Financial Resources Maintaining or Drawing on Economic Options RESILIENCE AT MERCY CORPS

RESILIENCE MEASUREMENT AND EVIDENCE Earthquake Severity Earthquake ward severity index Self-reported damage to home Welfare Measures Coping Strategies Index (CSI) Human Dietary Diversity Index (HDDI) Maintaining or Regaining Livelihoods Shelter Quality Asset Investment Progress out of Poverty (PPI) Short-Term Coping Recovery Development RESILIENCE AT MERCY CORPS

RESILIENCE MEASUREMENT AND EVIDENCE Philippines Methods: Qualitative Rapid Assessment Quantitative Survey – 10 weeks post Follow-up surveys: Post- Monsoon Periodic – every six months RESILIENCE AT MERCY CORPS

RESILIENCE MEASUREMENT AND EVIDENCE Philippines Sample: RESILIENCE AT MERCY CORPS

RESILIENCE MEASUREMENT AND EVIDENCE Philippines Disaster Preparedness and Response RESILIENCE AT MERCY CORPS Key Findings: Timeliness of aid is a critical determinant of coping and recovery. Common disaster preparedness capacities appear insufficient in contexts of weak governance and institutions. Recommendation: To be effective, DRR must be supported by functioning institutions, and reach to the household level.

RESILIENCE MEASUREMENT AND EVIDENCE Philippines Social Identity and Social Capital RESILIENCE AT MERCY CORPS Key Finding: Who you are – including caste and gender – can limit access to resources and strategies critical for resilience, and undermine welfare after crisis. Recommendation: Humanitarian and development actors must do more to reduce social barriers to services that support coping and recovery.

RESILIENCE MEASUREMENT AND EVIDENCE Philippines Financial Inclusion RESILIENCE AT MERCY CORPS Key Finding: Financial Services in the right form matter, but credit can also do harm. Recommendation: Humanitarian cash transfers must reach communities faster, while recovery and development interventions must tailor financial products, services and skills to best support resilience.

RESILIENCE MEASUREMENT AND EVIDENCE Philippines Economic Options RESILIENCE AT MERCY CORPS Key Findings: Ability to maintain or regain livelihoods post-shock is a critical response Livelihood independence seems to support disaster resilience, while access to markets and remittances appear insufficient. Proximity/access to market alone post-earthquake insufficient. Recommendation: Humanitarian interventions must support households to regain livelihood as part of response interventions, while working actively to restore market functions for resilience.

RESILIENCE MEASUREMENT AND EVIDENCE Philippines Cross-Cutting RESILIENCE AT MERCY CORPS Key Finding: Trade-offs exist between investments in short-term coping and longer-term recovery interventions. Recommendation: Follow-up research must be done to understand which investments by households upfront yield the most positive results over time.

RESILIENCE MEASUREMENT AND EVIDENCE Philippines Strengths and Limitations RESILIENCE AT MERCY CORPS Limitations Single Cross-Section Isolated v. combined effects Assessment v. evaluation Strengths Set-up for follow-up research Examined multiple resilience pathways Defined and tested effects of responses Informed recovery

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