CELLS CELLULAR COMPONENTS & PROCESES

CELL THEORY 1.All living things are composed of cells. 2.The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. 3.All cells arise from preexisting cells.

There are two types of cells: Prokaryotic- cells that DO NOT have a nucleus or other cell ORGANELLES Eukaryotic- cells with a NUCLEUS & cell ORGANELLES

A bacterium is a prokaryotic cell

organelles little “organs” within the cell little “organs” within the cell Carry out special functions Carry out special functions We need to know: We need to know: – Cell Membrane – Cytoplasm – Nucleus – Mitochondria – Ribosomes

CELL ORGANELLS Organelles are structures inside the cell that perform specific jobs. Some functions of organelles:  Transport of materials  Information storage  Protein building  Waste disposal  Energy capture and release

Cytoplasm Transports materials within the cell

Cell Membrane Protects cell Controls entry and exit of substances Nutrients in Wastes out

Cell membrane- structure Click image for video clp

Nucleus Command and control Command and control Information storage Information storage

Closing Dec. 01, 2015 The command and control center of the cell is called …………………………… The ……………………………… protects the cell and controls entry and exit.

CELL ORGANELLS Dec.2 Organelles are structures inside the cell that perform specific jobs. Some functions of organelles:  Transport of materials  Information storage  Protein building  Waste disposal  Energy capture and release

Mitochondria "Powerhouse of the cell" – produces ATP (energy molecule) "Powerhouse of the cell" – produces ATP (energy molecule) contains enzymes for cell respiration process contains enzymes for cell respiration process active cells have many mitochondria. active cells have many mitochondria. for example: for example: muscle cells muscle cells sperm cells sperm cells

Ribosome Ribosomes build proteins Synthesize = build, make, produce

Ribosome at work – protein synthesis

Vacuole Stores and digests food in single-celled organisms Serves as Water pump to maintain homeostasis in plants What do multicellular organisms have that single celled organisms do not have? tissues, organs, organ systems

Compare Plant and Animal Cells

PLANT CELL ORGANELLES ONLY Cell Wall surrounds and supports the cell surrounds and supports the cell Strong, flexible Strong, flexible Chloroplasts- has green pigment chlorophyll has green pigment chlorophyll photosynthesis occurs here photosynthesis occurs here – Uses the sun’s energy to make food for the plant

Chloroplast - Structure

Closing Dec. 02, 2015 One thing I learned about cell organelles is ……………………………….