Bacteria

PartStructureFunction Cell wall10-100nm thick. A multilayered structure made of peptidoglycan. May be gram negative or gram positive Protects the cell from bursting due to osmosis and maintains the shape of the cell Plasma membranePhospholipids bilayer with proteins floating in membrane. These can include enzymes for respiration/photosynthesis Controls to passage of substances in and out of the cell. Can be folded to give extra surface area for respiration Genetic materialA loop of DNAControls the cell`s activities PlasmidA small circle of DNA.Contain genes which help the bacteria to survive in adverse conditions. Can carry antibiotic resistance genes.

CapsuleAn outer protective layerProtects against chemicals and desiccation and protects the bacterium from attack by phagocytic cells, such as our white blood cells. Helps bacteria to form colonies RibosomeSmall ribosomesThe site of protein synthesis FlagellumA rigid hollow cylinder of protein. When present they vary in number between species Used in the locomotion of motile bacteria

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium and the cause of tuberculosis in humans

Tuberculosis is primarily an airborne disease; it is spread from person to person by droplet infection when an active TB sufferer coughs and sneezes

The most common salmonellosis is enterocolitis, caused principally by Salmonella enteriditis and Salmonella typhimurium. Food poisoning caused by S. enteriditis and S. typhimurium occurs when these bacteria are present in sufficient numbers in consumed food. A bacterial load of  100,000 per gram of food is sufficiently high for many of the bacteria to survive the digestion process, and to continue multiplying within the gut.

Eukaryotic Cell Has membrane bound organellesHas no membrane bound organelles Cellulose based cell wall (where a cell wall is present) Peptidoglycan based cell wall (where a cell wall is present) DNA held on linear chromosomesDNA held on circular chromosomes DNA located within the nucleusDNA contained within the cytoplasm ATP production occurs in mitochondria ATP production occurs in infolded regions of the cell surface membrane called mesosomes Have a phospholipid bi-layer cell membrane Has a nucleusDoes not have a nucleus Small RibosomesLarge (70S) Ribosomes Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis May have undulipodiaMay have Flagella Prokaryotic Cell