Weather and Climate Year 11

You need to know… What is weather and climate? What causes rain (precipitation)? What are depressions and anti-cyclones? What weather do they bring? Case studies: a significant weather event a seasonal weather event

Weather and Climate Weather is the state of the atmosphere at any particular moment. Climate is the state of the atmosphere over a period of time. Weather can be measured Temperature (centigrade) Pressure (millibars) Rainfall (millimetres) Wind direction Wind speed (mph) Cloud cover Climate can be measured Months Rainfall Temperature

HIGHLAND RISE COOL CONDENSE CLOUDS RAINSHADOW Relief Rainfall HEAT RISE COOL CONDENSE CLOUDS Convectional Rainfall COLD WARM COLD Frontal rainfall

Isobars Warm Front Cold Front N S W Low High Wind Cold Warm

Gentle winds Wind direction High Low

INDIA BANGLADESH INDIAN OCEAN BAY OF BENGAL HIMALAYAS JUNE AUSTRALIA Hot landmass Cold landmass Low pressure area High pressure area Warm, wet winds EQUATOR INDIAN OCEAN

INDIA BANGLADESH INDIAN OCEAN BAY OF BENGAL HIMALAYAS DEC AUSTRALIA Cold landmass Hot landmass High pressure area Low pressure area EQUATOR INDIAN OCEAN Dry winds Wet winds

Map and source evidence Use evidence from maps and graphs to answer questions on industrial location and change Question B4 c, d (Paper 2, June ‘04) BUG Box the question word, Underline the key words and Glance back to check you’ve understood what the question is asking.

(c)(i)1 mark for distance; 1 for direction ref. (1+1) = [2] Examples: About 28oN (1) of the Equator (1) About 400 km (1) east of China (1) About 600 km (1) north-east of Taiwan (1). (ii)Three points required. (3x1) = [3] Example: From 2nd August moved north (1) 400 km (1) east of China (1) and 350/400km (1) west of Japan (1) eventually reaching land on the west coast of South Korea (1) (d)(i) No mark for country; 2 marks for reasons. 1 max for description. Example: China because highest number of dead at 400 (1) and highest number homeless at 1.8m (1). (1+1) = [2] (ii) Looking for at least two different responses; credit 4 max for one well-qualified answer. Examples: Most LEDCs are economically poor (1) so lack technology/investment in severe weather warnings (1) and regard warnings as low investment priority/take the risk (1). Lack of organised emergency procedures (1) means vulnerable to maximum exposure to damage (1). Many LEDCs are situated in areas where severe weather events occur (1) so they get most damage (1). Housing/infrastructure of LEDCs of poor quality (1) with low safety standards (1) and often weak shelters of poor materials (1). Communications in LEDCs are poor (1) so difficult to spread any warning messages in time (1). Population usually high in LEDCs (1) and not mobile enough due to poor/lack of transport to evacuate quickly (1). Medical care is low in LEDCs (1) so great loss of life following the event. (6x1) or(4 max +2) or (3+3) or (3x2) = [6]