Internet Essentials

The History of the Internet The Internet started when the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Defense Department began a network called ARPANET in It was used as a tool to link university and government research centers together to exchange information and share resources.

Father of the World Wide Web In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee produced the first version of the World Wide web, the first web browser and the first web server. In 1991 it was put online The first web page address was t.html t.html

W3C In 1994, Berners-Lee founded W3C (World Wide Web consortium) This is an organization to try to improve the quality and standard of the world wide web.

Internet definition The Internet is a global wide area network that connects computer systems across the world. It includes several high- bandwidth data lines that makeup the Internet "backbone." These lines are connected to major Internet hubs that distribute data to other locations, such as web servers and ISPs.

Networks The Internet is the largest computer network in the world, connecting millions of computers. A network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together.

2 types of Networks There are two main types of computer networks: 1. Local Area Network (LAN): A LAN is 2 or more connected computers sharing resources in a small geographic location. Examples: home networks and office networks. 2. Wide Area Network (WAN): A WAN is two or more LANs. The computers are farther apart. Examples: OCPS The Internet is the largest Wide Area Network (WAN) in existence.

Servers A server is a computer that "serves" many different computers in a network by running specialized software and storing information. For example, webpages are stored on servers.

The Cloud When something is in the cloud, it means it is stored on servers on the Internet instead of on your computer. It lets you access your calendar, , files, and more from any computer that has an Internet connection.

Packets early creators of the Internet discovered that data moves faster when it is divided into smaller pieces, sent separately, then reassembled. These data pieces are called packets.

Protocols When computers communicate with each other, there needs to be a common set of rules and instructions that each computer follows. A specific set of communication rules is called a protocol. Because of the many ways computers can communicate with each other, there are many different protocols. Some examples of these different protocols include TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP. Can you guess what the last "P" in each acronym stands for? "protocol"

Operating Systems The program that lets you interact with your computer It is software that communicates with the computer hardware (acts like a translator) Before you connect with the internet you need certain software and hardware installed on your computer

Internet Service Provider (ISP) Companies that provide service to the internet free or for a fee Examples: BrightHouse, Century Link, AOL

Connecting to the Internet

Internet Addresses The internet and the post office have similarities The internet relies on an addressing system, like the post office, to send data to a computer at a certain destination An Internet Protocol address (IP) is a number that uniquely identifies each computer All IP addresses used on the internet are combinations of numbers instead of names A domain name is the text version of an IP address

Domain Names When you use a mobile phone and select “mom’s home phone” from your address book, you are actually dialing a combination of numbers. This is how domain names work with Web pages.

Domain Name Server (DNS) when you specify a domain name, a DNS server translates the domain name to its related IP address so that information is transmitted to the correct computer. the right-side component of a domain name categorizes domains into groups by company (.com), educational institution (.edu), organization (.org) or country (for example,.ca). These categories are called top-level domains (TLDs). each domain name is unique and registered with the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). when a name (for example, google) within a domain category (for example,.com) is assigned, no other organization or individual can use that name within that category.

Domain Names

Internet Connection Terms In this activity, you will review terms related to Internet connections.  Match the terms in the left column with their correct definitions in the right column.  Write the correct definition letters in the spaces provided next to the terms.

What is required to connect to the Internet? In this activity, you will identify the components required to connect to the Internet. Six elements are required for a computer to connect to the Internet. The user generally acquires the first three by obtaining a computer. Fill in the missing elements.

Domain Name Scavenger Hunt In this activity, you will use a Web browser to find the domain names assigned to various IP addresses. 1. Open a Web browser. 2. Enter each IP address listed below, one at a time. 3. For each IP address, write the server, domain name and domain category below.