Osseous Tissue Engineering Jason Mercier Biomedical Engineering September 30, 2015

Introduction Bone Tissue Reconstruction -Grafting -Scaffolding Materials Biomaterials Polymers Bone tissue cells Nanoparticles What is a biomaterial ? Define it as exogenous or even synthetic.

Early History Vittorio Putti is considered as one of the founders of orthopedic science and bone grafting with his earliest papers dating back to 1912 Donati et al. (2007) Acta Orthopaedica 78(1): 19-25 .

Biomaterials -Biocompatible materials -Biodegradable -Non-toxic to the body Amini A et al. 2012 Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 40 (5): 363-408.

Cellular Reconstruction Bone grafting is a very effective repair mechanism but there are high rates of the cells rejecting the graft Scaffolding combined with osteogenically active cells are very effective materials because it provides a great framework for the bone and promotes normal cellular growth Hutmacher et al. (2000) Biomaterials. 21: 2529- 2543

Nanoparticles -No major surgery required in most cases -Programmable -Can be used as the scaffolding or in drug delivery to affected site -Cost effective Walmsley G. et al (2015) Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine 11(5): 1253-1263

Degradable and Non-degradable Walmsley G. et al (2015) Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine 11(5): 1253-1263

-Dramatic changes in the past couple years -The research into new materials such as nanoparticles has increased significantly Amini A et al. 2012 Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 40 (5): 363-408. .

References Donti D, Zolezzi C, Tomba P, Vigano A. Bone Grafting: Historical and Conceptual Review, Starting with an Old Manuscript by Vittorio Putti. Acta Orthapaedica 2007; 78(1): 19-25. Amini AR, Laurencin CT, Nukavarapu SP. Bone Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Challenges. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2012; 40 (5): 363-408.. Hutmacher DW. Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering Bone and Cartilage. Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Science Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National University of Singapore 2000; 21 (24): 2529-2543 Walmsley GG, McArdle A, Tevlin R, Momeni A, Atashroo D, Hu MS, Feroze AH, Wong VW, Lorenz PH, Longaker MT, Wan DC. Nanotechnology in Bone Tissue Engineering. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine. 2015, 11(5): 1253- 1263 What is a biomaterial ? Define it as exogenous or even synthetic.