America Enters the War Home front

Enlistment

Objectives What were two popular methods the US Military acquired soldiers during WWII? Terms – Selective Service Act 1940

AMERICANS RUSH TO ENLIST The Selective Service Act 1940 – Expanded the draft – All men aged 18 to 45 were eligible for military service, – Provided an additional 10 million soldiers Volunteers – After Pearl Harbor – 5 million Americans enlisted to fight in the war

ALL AMERICANS FOUGHT Despite discrimination at home, minority populations contributed to the war effort 1,000,000 African Americans served in the military 300,000 Mexican- Americans 33,000 Japanese Americans 25,000 Native Americans 13,000 Chinese Americans

Enlistment Objectives What were two popular methods the US Military acquired soldiers during WWII? – Volunteers- 5 million – Draft -10 million Terms – Selective Service Act 1940 Forced American to register for the draft Must be 18 yrs old

Sleeping Giant Awakes

Objectives What effect did WWII have on the American Economy? Terms Manhattan Project War Production Board

MOBILIZATION OF SCIENTISTS Focus was on: – radar – sonar to locate submarines – penicillin “Manhattan Project” – Building of the Atomic Bomb In 1941, FDR created the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD)

A PRODUCTION MIRACLE Americans converted their auto industry into a war industry The WPB decided- War Production Board – Which companies would convert to wartime production – How to best allocate raw materials to those industries

END OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION Farmers too benefited as production doubled and income tripled Unemployment fell to only 1.2% by 1944 and wages rose 35%

Sleeping Giant Awakes Objectives What effect did WWII have on the American Economy? – It increased production – Created Jobs – Ended the Great Depression Terms Manhattan Project – Building of the Atomic Bomb War Production Board – Government organization – Transformed industries from producing “consumer goods” to “military goods”

Women Join The War Rosie the Riveter

Women in the War Objectives What were the two major ways women contributed to the war effort during WWII? Terms – “Rosie the Riveter” WAAC

Women in WWII “Rosie the Riveter” – icon of women worker – Women told it was their patriotic duty to work Women Working – Huge demand for labor – Wartime production Over 6 million women entered the workforce

WOMEN JOIN THE FIGHT Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) – Under this program women worked in non-combat roles Nurses Typists Ambulance drivers Radio operators Pilots

American Women During WWII “If you can drive a car, you can run a machine.” “Why do we need women workers? You can’t build ships, planes, and guns without them.”

Women in the War Objectives What were the two major ways women contributed to the war effort during WWII? – Joined the workforce in war industries – Did “non-combat” jobs Terms – “Rosie the Riveter” Icon of USA women worker WAAC – Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps

DON'T WASTE Save

Don't Waste Objectives What was the two main purposes of OPA? How did the Federal Government control inflation during WWII? Terms – OPA – Inflation

COLLECTION DRIVES Organized nationwide drives – Collect scrap iron, tin cans, paper, rags and cooking fat for recycling OPA – The Office of Price Administration – Purpose of OPA Set up a system of rationing Households had set allocations of scarce goods – gas, meat, shoes, sugar, coffee

Restrictions on Buying – Ration coupons- Only buy so much a week – “Victory Gardens” Combat the food shortages.

USA Enters WWII Inflation out of Control INFLATION – PRICE OF GOODS INCREASE – Value of Money Decreases 1940s- Inflation on the Rise

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TAKES CONTROL OF INFLATION FDR reaction – Price freezes Price for certain goods could not rise 1942 Buy War Bond (3%) 1952 Sell Bond x 3% = x 10 yrs= FDR reaction – War Bonds Saving Bonds for average people – Money goes to Government Two out of every three Americans bought War Bonds Interest rate 3 % Matured in 10 yrs

Don't Waste Objectives What was the two main purposes of OPA? Set up a system of rationing – Organized nationwide drives How did the Federal Government control inflation during WWII? – Price freezes Price for certain goods could not rise – War Bonds Savings bonds Money goes to government Terms – OPA The Office of Price Administration – Inflation PRICE OF GOODS INCREASE

Keep it Quiet Don’t talk- Spies are around

“Loose Lips Sinks Ships” Campaign to prevent spies from hearing military information

How could talking help the enemy? SKIP THE FIRST PART OF VIDEO- BAD LANGUAGE!!!! Loose Lips Sink Ships Video

Bonus Material Japanese Concentration Camps

INTERNMENT OF JAPANESE AMERICANS When the war began, 120,000 Japanese Americans lived in the U.S. – mostly on the West Coast After Pearl Harbor, many people were suspicious of possible spy activity by Japanese Americans In 1942, FDR ordered Japanese Americans into 10 relocation centers Japanese Americans felt the sting of discrimination during WWII

Location of the 10 Internment camps

Jerome camp in Arkansas

U.S. PAYS REPARATIONS TO JAPANESE In the late 1980s, President Reagan signed into law a bill that provided $20,000 to every Japanese American sent to a relocation camp The checks were sent out in 1990 along with a note from President Bush saying, “We can never fully right the wrongs of the past... we now recognize that serious wrongs were done to Japanese Americans during WWII.” Today the U.S. is home to more than 1,000,000 Japanese-Americans