What is Microbiology? Micr o BioOlog y Too small object to be seen by the ordinary eyes Refers to life Means science Microbiology is the science studying very small living cells that could not be seen by ordinary eyes. These cells are called: microbes, organisms, microorganisms, or pathogens. Introduction

Definition It is the science that deals with studying of parasites, fungi, bacteria, and viruses that cannot be seen by the naked eye and cause human infectious diseases. Types: Helmeth protozoa fungi bacteria virus &prion Prokaryotes & eukaryotes ????????

BacteriaViruses Parasites Fungi Microbes Bacteriology Virology Mycology Parasitology

Bacterial morphology

Morphology 1) Size 2) Shape 3) Arrangement 4) Stain 5) Motility 6) Capsulated or not 7) Spore forming or not

Morphology 1)Size …….. In Micron - The unit of measurement is the micrometer (µm), known as micron = 1/1000 of a millimeter. so, µm = 1/1000,000 of a meter, i.e. micron = 10-6 meter? - Bacterial cells range in size from about o.2 to 8 µm.

Morphology 1)Size 2) Shape - Cocci rounded cells - Bacilli elongated cells - Vibrios curved rods - Spirochetes helical filaments 3) Arrangement 4) Stain 5) Motility 6) Capsulated or not 7) Spore forming or not

Morphology 1)Size 2)2) Shape 3) Arrangement 4) Stain 5) Motility 6) Capsulated or not 7) Spore forming or not Chain Pairs Clusters

Morphology 1)Size 2)2) Shape 3) Arrangement 4) Stain 5) Motility 6) Capsulated or not 7) Spore forming or not Gram +ve Gram -ve

Morphology 1)Size 2)2) Shape 3) Arrangement 4) Stain 5) Motility 6) Capsulated or not 7) Spore forming or not

Structure of the bacterial cell

Prokaryotes & eukaryotes

EukanyotesProkaryote Table 1 True Present -Multiple, linear -Diploid Primitive Absent -Single, circular -Haploid 1.Nucleus - N. membrane - Nucleoli - Chromosomes Present Complex 80s (40s & 60s) Absent Simple 70s (30s & 50s) 1.Cytoplasm - Mitochondria - enzyme system - Ribosome Present and contain sterol.Present with no sterol except in mycoplasma 1.Cytoplasmic M If present as in fungi contain chitin. Present and contain peptidoglycan 1.Cell wall MitosisBinary fission 1.Replication By different organsBy flagella 1.Motility Protozoa and fungiBacteria 1.Examples