1. Chapter 10
Bacteria & Viruses

2. Chapter 10A
Bacteria

3. Characteristics of Bacteria
Very small, but largest in number
Hard to study
Can live almost anywhere
Prokaryotic

4. Microbiology
The study of microbes (organisms that require a microscope to be seen)

5. Most bacteria are pathogenic (cause disease).
True
False

6. Pathogenic:
causing disease; bacteria and viruses
Decomposers: organisms that break down organic substances; bacteria and fungi

7. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Cell walls DO NOT contain peptidoglycan
“Extremophiles”
Thermoacidophiles
Methanogens
Halophiles

8. Kingdom Eubacteria The larger kingdom
Contains the bacteria people are most familiar with
Cell walls DO contain peptidoglycans
Very diverse

9. Bacterial Shapes Coccus: spherical Bacillus: rod-shaped
Spirillum: spiral-shaped

10. Uses of Bacteria Most bacteria are NOT pathogenic.
Used in making cheese, yogurt, sauerkraut, and buttermilk
Form alcohol, lactic acid, and vinegar through fermentation

11. Uses of Bacteria Used in tanning leather and forming silage
Help break down food in the intestines
Source of antibiotics

12. Uses of Bacteria
Through genetic engineering techniques, bacteria can be used to produce:
human insulin
blood proteins
other substances

13. Uses of Bacteria
Bacteria and fungi are the primary decomposers in nature.
The process of bioremediation uses bacteria to break down harmful substances in the environment.

14. Structure of a Bacterial Cell
Prokaryotic
Plasma (cell) membrane
Cell wall
Peptidoglycans
Gram’s staining
Capsule

15. Structure of a Bacterial Cell
Nuclear area
Plasmids
Mesosomes
Ribosomes
Flagella

16. REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH
BACTERIAL
REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH
Reproduction is by simple binary fission that does NOT involve mitosis.

17. Transfer of Genetic Material
Conjugation
Transformation
Transduction

18. Bacteria and Nutrition
Autotrophic (some bacteria)
Photosynthetic
Chemosynthetic (converting inorganic compounds into usable forms)

19. Bacteria and Nutrition
Heterotrophic (most bacteria)
Saprophytic
Parasitic
Obligate parasites

20. Bacteria and Nutrition
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic
Saprophytic
Parasitic
Photosynthetic
Chemosynthetic

21. Conditions for Bacterial Growth
Moisture
Temperature pH
Nutrition

22. Endospores:
special spores produced by some bacteria that allow them to survive long periods of unfavorable growing conditions
Ex: the bacterium that causes anthrax

23. Bacteria and Oxygen Obligate anaerobes Obligate aerobes
Facultative anaerobes

24. Other Bacteria Rickettsiae Intracellular parasites Typhus fever
Rocky Mountain spotted fever

25. Other Bacteria Spirochetes Larger than most bacteria
Many are corkscrew-shaped
Lyme disease

26. Other Bacteria Mycoplasmas No cell wall
Some types of pneumonia, arthritis, and urinary tract infections