1. INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY
MOHAMED BORGHAN, PhD

2. CONTENT OVERVIEW SECTION I: FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY
SECTION II: IMMUNOLOGY
SECTION III: BACTERIOLOGY
SECTION IV: VIROLOGY
SECTION V: MYCOLOGY
SECTION VI: PARASITOLOGY
SECTION VII: DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
BIOL343 - FALL M. BORGHAN

3. SECTION I: FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY
The Science of Microbiology
Cell Structure
Classification of Bacteria
The Growth, Survival & Death of Microorganisms
Cultivation of Microorganisms
Microbial Metabolism
Microbial Genetics

4. SECTION II: IMMUNOLOGY
Immunity & the Immune Response
Mechanisms of Innate Immunity
Mechanisms of Specific Host Defense
Antigen Recognition Molecules
Antibodies
Cell Surface Receptors for Antigens
Antibody-Mediated (Humoral) Immunity
The Complement System
Cell-Mediated Immunity
Cytokines
Hypersensitivity
Inadequate Immune responses to Infectious Agents

5. SECTION II: BACTERIOLOGY
Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections
Normal Human Microbiota
Spore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli
Aerobic Nonspore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli
The Staphylococci
The Streptococci
Enteric Gram-Negative Rods (Enterobacteriaceae)
Pseudomonads, Acinetobacters & Uncommon Gram-Negative Bacteria
Vibrios, Campylobacters, Helicobacter & Associated Bacteria
Haemophilus, Bordetella, Brucella & Francisella
Yersinia & Pasteurella
The Neisseriae
Infections caused by Anaerobic Bacteria
Legionellae, Bartonella & Unusual Bacterial Pathogens
Mycobacteria
Spirochetes & Other Spiral Microorganisms
Mycoplasmas & Cell Wall-Defective Bacteria
Rickettsia & Ehrlichia
Chlamydiae
Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

6. SECTION IV: VIROLOGY Reoviruses, Rotaviruses & Calicoviruses
Arthropod-Borne & Rodent-Borne Viral Diseases
Orthomyxoviruses (Influenza Viruses)
Paramyxoviruses & Rubella Virus
Coronaviruses
Rabies, Slow Virus Infections & Prion Diseases
Human Cancer Viruses
AIDS & Lentiviruses
General Properties of Viruses
Pathogenesis & Control of Viral Diseases
Parvoviruses
Adenoviruses
Herpesviruses
Poxviruses
Hepatitis Viruses
Picornaviruses (Enterovirus & Rhinovirus Group)

7. SECTION I: FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY
The Science of Microbiology
Cell Structure
Classification of Bacteria
The Growth, Survival & Death of Microorganisms
Cultivation of Microorganisms
Microbial Metabolism
Microbial Genetics

8. The Science of Microbiology
Introduction
Biologic Principles Illustrated by Microbiology
Viruses
Prions
Prokaryotes
Protists

9. The Science of Microbiology
Introduction
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms
Microorganisms exist as single cells (unicellular) and cell clusters (multicellular
About 5 x 1030 microbial cells exist on earth
More than 90% of the cells in human body are microbes
Microorganisms are important for life.

11. The Science of Microbiology
Biologic Principles Illustrated by Microbiology
Symbiosis  Relationship between two different organisms that operates to the benefit of both organisms
Parasitism  Relationship between two different organisms that operates to the benefit of one organism
Evolution  Change in inherited traits over time due to natural selection
Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes  biologic division of organisms based on presence of nuclear membrane

12. The Science of Microbiology
Viruses
Acellular  Lack metabolic machinery and replication ability
Intracellular parasites  completely dependent on host cell machinery for reproduction
Universal pathogens  Infect all cells
Highly diverse  Can infect different cells and possess many strategies for replication and survival
Unique genomes  either RNA or DNA
Simple structure  nucleic acid enclosed in protein coat; sometimes wrapped with lipid envelope.
Hijackers  Redirect host cell machinery to complete virus replication cycle.

13. The Science of Microbiology
Prions
Protein molecules with infectious nature
Not foreign protein but abnormal isoform of cell protein
Prion diseases include Scrapie, Kuru and Mad Cow Disease.

14. The Science of Microbiology
Prokaryotes
Are characterized by their small size and absence of nuclear membrane
Have single, circular DNA chromosome, which is located in a specialized region called nucleoid