Peace Psychology: Institutionalization Daniel J. Christie Professor Emeritus of Psychology Ohio State University USA.

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Presentation transcript:

Peace Psychology: Institutionalization Daniel J. Christie Professor Emeritus of Psychology Ohio State University USA

US President Ronald Reagan Doomsday Clock: Minutes to Midnight (Nuclear War)

Reagan as Political Realist Hobbesian worldview: Belief that human nature is inherently competitive and selfishHobbesian worldview: Belief that human nature is inherently competitive and selfish Belief in state sovereigntyBelief in state sovereignty Supreme authority over its citizens Supreme authority over its citizens Not subject to legal control by other states Not subject to legal control by other states Right to raise taxes and wage war Right to raise taxes and wage war Goals of States:Goals of States: preserve power preserve power expand power expand power demonstrate power demonstrate power

Price of State Sovereignty = Anarchy!

The Evil Empire Speech I urge you to beware the temptation … of blithely declaring yourselves above it all and label both sides [United States & Soviet Union] equally at fault, to ignore the facts of history and the aggressive impulses of an evil empire, to simply call the arms race a giant misunderstanding and thereby remove yourself from the struggle between right and wrong and good and evil …. [The Soviet Leaders] are the focus of evil in the modern world (Ronald Reagan, 1983, p )

Psychologists for Social Responsibility (Established in USA, 1982)

Euromissiles: Deployed in 1983 Pershing II Missile Ground Launched Cruise Missile

Peace Psychology Forum (Established in Germany, 1983)

Typical reactions of children in USA to the threat of nuclear war (1984)

Psychologists for the Prevention of War (Established in Australia, 1984)

War-Promoting Perceptions (White, 1984) A diabolical enemy-image A diabolical enemy-image A moral self-image A moral self-image A “ pro-us ” illusion A “ pro-us ” illusion Overconfidence and worse case thinking Overconfidence and worse case thinking Overlapping territorial self-images Overlapping territorial self-images

Challenges to Cold War Resurface The madness of MAD fear driven arms race mutually distorted perceptions destructive communication patterns coercive interactions conflict management (White, 1986)

Psychology and the Prevention of Nuclear War White (1986) Empathy (White) Empathy (White) Mirror Image (Bronfenbrennerr) Mirror Image (Bronfenbrennerr) Inducing Cooperation (Deutsch) Inducing Cooperation (Deutsch) Interactional Conflict Resolution (Kelman) Interactional Conflict Resolution (Kelman) GRIT (Osgood) GRIT (Osgood) Perception and Misperception (Jervis) Perception and Misperception (Jervis) Deterrence to Influence (George) Deterrence to Influence (George)

Psychology and the Prevention of Nuclear War White (1986) Deterrence Reconsidered (Lebow) Deterrence Reconsidered (Lebow) Crisis Management (Janis) Crisis Management (Janis) Escalation (Holsti, Smoke) Escalation (Holsti, Smoke) Integrative Agreements (Pruitt) Integrative Agreements (Pruitt) Principled Negotiation (Fisher & Ury) Principled Negotiation (Fisher & Ury) Mediation (Rubin) Mediation (Rubin)

Peace Psychology Division American Psychological Assn. (1990) First President of Peace Psychology Division 48, APA

Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology Milton Schwebel, Founding Editor (1995)