1. Part 3

2. Berlin 1960

5. The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961)
1961 standoff
Checkpoint Charlie

10. EAST GERMAN RESISTANCE

11. Borders: Physical Boundaries between Ideologies
Borders served to divide people by ideological differences as well as political and economic differences.(Liberal Democracies vs Communism)
Increased tension between the superpowers.
Countries under the Soviet Sphere were under pressure to maintain strong political and economic ties with the Soviet Union
Soviets were not receptive to any encroachment of capitalism or Democracy.

12. Stalin
Truman

13. Breaking free of the Iron Curtain p.247
Country
Ideological conflict
Results
Reasons for the Results
Yugoslavia
Hungary 1956
Czechoslovakia
Define alignment and non-alignment

14. Figure 7-11 Compare these maps
What evidence do you see of expansionism and alignment?

15. Pause and Reflect p.251 Speech Beliefs Values
Conflicts with Superpowers because……..
Nehru
Independence
Responsibility
Freedom
Sees both ideologies as based on wrong principles
Sukarno
“Live and let live”
“Unity and diversity”
Stability
Peace
Open disunion
harmony
Opposed colonialism in any name or form
Opposed racialism or dominance
Wants open dialogue

16. Deterrence (clip on timeline)
The Arms Race 1950’s to 1989
Deterrence (clip on timeline)

17. The Arms Race: Why? Territorial integrity and national sovereignty
Ideological struggle
Capitalism vs. communism
Liberal democracy vs. authoritarian rule
Military prowess: nukes as visible symbol of power

18. vocabulary
Mutual Assured Destruction ( MAD ): the belief that nuclear attacks launched by both nations will result in both nations being destroyed.
Mutual Deterrence: the belief that the destructive capability and the likelihood of mutual destruction will stop both superpowers from launching a nuclear attack.

19. Canada and the Cold war
READ P.253 Identify 5 events or organizations that Canada joined or participated in the early part of the cold war.
1949 Canada joined NATO ( Collective security) an attack on one is an attack on all.
Military troops through the United Nations in the Korean War
Suez Crisis in 1956 UNEF
NORAD (the North American Aerospace Defence Command)
The building of the DEW Line

20. Dew Line

22. The Nuclear Club

23. France’s Dissuasion Policy
Why do you think France thought it was necessary to develop nuclear weapons as part of its foreign policy? P
France would use its own weapons for deterrence
Resisted the leadership of the USA ( one liberal democracy rejecting the other)
Wanted to follow it own independent path.

25. Kennedy and Cuba
• JFK becomes President (1961)
• “…we shall pay any price, bear any burden…to assure the
survival and success of liberty.” (Inaugural Address)
• Cuban Revolution (1959)
• Bay of Pigs Invasion (April 1961)
• Berlin Wall
(August 1961)
• Cuban Missile Crisis
(October 1962)

27. Cuban Missile Crisis 1962

28. Cuban Missile Crisis: Results and Concepts
BRINKMANSHIP: to get to the verge of war without going to war
Two years later Khrushchev is removed from office
Benefits: a “hot line” or direct link was established between the White House and the Kremlin
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty: no testing in the atmosphere
Détente: the easing of relations between superpowers

29. "As a result of the Cuban missile crisis the long, talked-about "hot line" between Washington and Moscow was to become a reality. On 20th June, 1963, at Geneva, Switzerland , the United States and the Soviet Union signed a Memorandum of Understanding that set up a duplex cable circuit routed from Washington-London-Copenhagen-Stockholm-Helsinki to Moscow for primary political conversations.