Chapter 3 Biogeochemical Cycles. Matter cycles through the biosphere Biosphere- The combination of all ecosystems on Earth. Biogeochemical cycles- The.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 3 Biogeochemical Cycles

Matter cycles through the biosphere Biosphere- The combination of all ecosystems on Earth. Biogeochemical cycles- The movement of matter within and between ecosystems involving biological, geologic and chemical processes.

Biogeochemical Cycles C H N O P S + Ca, Mg, K

Biogeochemical Cycles C - carbon H – hydrogen (builds water for solubility, provides the ability to transfer water) N - nitrogen O – oxygen (builds water, important in cellular respiration) P - phosphorus S - sulfur + Ca, Mg, K

The Hydrologic Cycle The movement of water through the biosphere. What is the driving “force”?

The Hydrologic Cycle Transpiration- The process where plants release water from their leaves into the atmosphere. Evapotranspiration- The combined amount of evaporation and transpiration. Runoff- When water moves across the land surface into streams and rivers, eventually reaching the ocean.

The Carbon Cycle

Why do we need: good at chemical bonding and building organic Where stored: mostly as gas in our atmosphere **ocean is known as a carbon sink **fossil fuels are also seen as sequestered carbon…why? Human impact: burning fossil fuels, deforestation, soil degradation

The Nitrogen Cycle

Fix NAAD ANPAN ProcessProduct Fix NitrogenAmmonia NitrificationNitrates AssimilationProteins AmmonificationAmmonia Denitrification Nitrogen

The Nitrogen Cycle Why do we need: building block of amino acids, builds proteins, part of DNA and RNA Where stored: mostly in the atmosphere, not usable until the N has been fixed Human impact: burning fossil fuels and adds NOx to our atmosphere, used as fertilizers, **we are adding N to nature at rate of 1.5 times faster than the natural rate

The Phosphorus Cycle

Why do we need: lipids, DNA, ATP Where stored: rocks (locked away), released within the rock cycle and travels through the water cycle Human impact: used as fertilizers and increases growth, used in animal feeds, used in detergents but banned in 1994(laundry soap) & 2010(dish detergents)

The Sulfur Cycle Why do we need: adds structure to proteins Where stored: rocks & volcanic eruptions Human impact: burning fossil fuels causes SOx pollution, released during mining of minerals

The Ca, Mg, K Cycle Why do we need: regulate cellular process, transmit signals Where stored: No gas component, dissolved in water, (K)can leach easily and slows growth of plants Human impact: