Intelligent Transport Systems

Context and project mission Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) Set of services Merge road infrastructure with ICT Offer an effective road traffic management

Context and project mission Basic Set of Applications (BSA) Road safety Improve road users safety Traffic efficiency Improve traffic fluidity Local and internet services Advertisement and commercial services Our project

Context and project mission Detect automatically traffic jams Broadcast road hazard warnings to road users Use mobile technologies

Autodetecting traffic jams and broadcasting road hazard warnings Presented by : Rachik ABIDI Supervisors : Mr.Tahar EZZEDDINE Mrs.Imen ACHOUR Mr.Bessem KBOUBI Academic year : 2014/2015

Outline Introduction Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile application Excessive battery use Improving the system performances using an OBU Implementation and deployment Conclusion and perspectives

Outline Introduction Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile application Excessive battery use Improving the system performances using an OBU Implementation and deployment Conclusion and perspectives

Overview Introduction Traffic jam Density of vehicles Speed

Existing techniques Traffic jam detection Continuous road observation Introduction Traffic jam detection Using image processing Using Wireless Sensor Networks Using mobile applications Continuous road observation Security cameras Video analysis More reliable system Cooperative system Autodetect traffic jams Users intervention Uncertain alerts Cooperative system Users notifications Road infrastructure enhancement Presence sensors Time analysis

System requirements Introduction Autodetect traffic jams Notify road hazards Diffuse alert warnings Offer a real-time access to traffic state + Navigation using GPS : Navigation map + directions + Generate vehicle statistics (distance, fuel consumption…) Driver Mobile system

Outline Introduction Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile application Excessive battery use Improving the system performances using an OBU Implementation and deployment Conclusion and perspectives

Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP System Architecture

System Architecture Offering GUIs Registration and authentication Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP System Architecture Offering GUIs Registration and authentication Navigation using GPS Notifying road hazards Access to real-time traffic state Follow up the vehicle statistics

System Architecture Providing geographical position Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP System Architecture Providing geographical position Real-time position tracking

System Architecture Exchanging mobile user data Web services Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP System Architecture Exchanging mobile user data Web services REST architecture JSON format

System Architecture Execute database functions like CRUD Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP System Architecture Execute database functions like CRUD Manage the mobile user and the alerts information Execute traffic jams detection algorithms

System Architecture Broadcasting road hazard warnings Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP System Architecture Broadcasting road hazard warnings Getting a real-time access to traffic state

Traffic jams autodetection Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP Traffic jams autodetection Cooperative system Send periodically user data to server Execute traffic jam detection algorithm

Traffic jams autodetection Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP Traffic jams autodetection Sent user data Current position (latitude, longitude) Current speed (km/h) Current direction (North, East, West, South) Current place name (Elmanar, Menzeh 1,…)

Traffic jams autodetection Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP Traffic jams autodetection Traffic jam autodetection algorithm Executed periodically by the server Based on mobile users data Conditions: Connected users Same place name and direction Current speed < speed threshold Computes the density of vehicles ordered by place name Generates a traffic jam alert

Traffic jams autodetection Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP Traffic jams autodetection Traffic jam autodetection algorithm Each vehicle is a mobile user Identified with the username speed threshold : 30 km/h distance threshold : 50 meters number of neighbors threshold : 7 Vehicles on the same direction Vehicles on opposite direction

Traffic jams autodetection Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP Traffic jams autodetection Traffic jam autodetection algorithm R: distance threshold 1 Each vehicle is a mobile user Identified with the username speed threshold : 30 km/h distance threshold : 50 meters number of neighbors threshold : 7 2 3 4 Target vehicle Neighbor 4 < number of neighbors threshold Not neighbor

Traffic jams autodetection Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP Traffic jams autodetection Traffic jam autodetection algorithm R: distance threshold 6 Each vehicle is a mobile user Identified with the username speed threshold : 30 km/h distance threshold : 50 meters number of neighbors threshold : 7 2 1 5 3 4 Target vehicle Neighbor 6 < number of neighbors threshold Not neighbor

Traffic jams autodetection Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP Traffic jams autodetection Traffic jam autodetection algorithm R: distance threshold Each vehicle is a mobile user Identified with the username speed threshold : 30 km/h distance threshold : 50 meters number of neighbors threshold : 7 2 3 4 1 5 Target vehicle 6 8 7 Neighbor 8 > number of neighbors threshold Traffic jam detected Broadcast the alert using GCM Not neighbor

Broadcasting warnings Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP Broadcasting warnings Using Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) ID 1 ID 2 ID 3 ID N . Alert + IDs GCM connection servers Alert Alert Alert Alert Apache server id Detection date Latitude Longitude Address Number of vehicles Direction Level Alert Real-time access to traffic state

Synthesis + Navigation system Vehicle statistics Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP Synthesis Navigation system Vehicle statistics Traffic jam autodetection Alerts warnings broadcast Road hazard notifcations Access to real-time traffic state + Excessive power consumption Mobile application Server

Outline Introduction Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile application Excessive battery use Improving the system performances using an OBU Implementation and deployment Conclusion and perspectives

GPS receiver overuse Navigation system Real-time position tracking Excessive battery use GPS receiver overuse Navigation system Real-time position tracking Reduce the update period for requesting location -> Excessive use of the integrated GPS receiver

Internet connection Mobile application started Excessive battery use Internet connection Mobile application started Regular usage Loading the navigation map Exchanging data with the server -> Decreasing battery power -> Excessive use of the internet connection (3G/Wifi)

Proposed solution Develop an external On-Board Unit (OBU) Excessive battery use Proposed solution Develop an external On-Board Unit (OBU) Take over many features Connected to the mobile device Short range communication Reduce the power consumption Improve our mobile system performances

Outline Introduction Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile application Excessive battery use Improving the system performances using an OBU Implementation and deployment Conclusion and perspectives

Improving the system performances using an OBU System architecture

Improving the system performances using an OBU System architecture Offering GUIs Registration and authentication Navigation using GPS Notifying road hazards Access to real-time traffic state Follow up the vehicle statistics

Improving the system performances using an OBU System architecture GPS receiver integrated in the OBU Send the location to the mobile device Real-time position tracking

Improving the system performances using an OBU System architecture Exchange data (location, speed, direction, alerts) Using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) -> Extremely reducing power consumption

Improving the system performances using an OBU System architecture Exchange CAMs and DENMs Using Wi-Fi 802.11p Substitute the web solution with an ad-hoc network -> Reduce the power consumption

Improving the system performances using an OBU OBU architecture

Improving the system performances using an OBU Broadcasted messages Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM) Message exchanged periodically between OBUs Aware other OBUs of its presence in the network Provide useful information to detect traffic jams Message structure MessageID Latitude Longitude Speed Direction

Improving the system performances using an OBU Broadcasted messages Decentralized Environmental Notification Message (DENM) Message triggered when an alert is detected Diffused in the ad-hoc network Notify the road users of the detected road hazard Offer real-time access to traffic state Message structure MessageID Type Latitude Longitude Vehicles Direction Level

Broadcasting technique Improving the system performances using an OBU Broadcasting technique Using hop-by-hop technique

Traffic jam autodetection Improving the system performances using an OBU Traffic jam autodetection Traffic jam autodetection algorithm using CAMs Executed periodically by each OBU Based on received CAMs Conditions: Same direction Current speed < speed threshold Computes the density of vehicles Generates a DENM when a traffic jam is detected

Traffic jams autodetection Improving the system performances using an OBU Traffic jams autodetection Traffic jam autodetection algorithm using CAMs R: distance threshold Each vehicle is an OBU Identified with the MAC address speed threshold : 30 km/h distance threshold : 50 meters number of neighbors threshold : 7 2 3 4 1 5 Target vehicle 6 8 7 Neighbor 8 > number of neighbors threshold Traffic jam detected Broadcast the DENM using hop-by-hop technique Not neighbor

Outline Introduction Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile application Excessive battery use Improving the system performances using an OBU Implementation and deployment Conclusion and perspectives

Software tools Mobile application Server OBU + Implementation and deployment Software tools Mobile application Server OBU Android OS phpMyAdmin Arduino software + ADT SDK Eclipse PL/SQL php5 Shared preferences Java JSON Google maps v2 Functions & procedures Photoshop CS6 Events Cron jobs

Hardware tools On-Board Unit (OBU) Implementation and deployment GPS shield 1.1 + external antenna GPS receiver Arduino Mega ADK 2560 Microcontroller board 1602 LCD screen MicroSD card Storage module Bluefruit LE – Bluetooth LE nRF 8001 BLE Module WiFly RN-171 WiFi Module MK5 802.11p radio module Wi-Fi module Cigar lighter receptacle + USB Power supplier Bluetooth module HC-05

Outcomes Mobile application graphical interfaces Implementation and deployment Outcomes Mobile application graphical interfaces Registration Authentication

Outcomes Mobile application graphical interfaces Implementation and deployment Outcomes Mobile application graphical interfaces Choosing destination Itinerary choice Navigation started

Outcomes Mobile application graphical interfaces Implementation and deployment Outcomes Mobile application graphical interfaces Road hazards menu Notification sent User blocked for 2 mins

Outcomes Mobile application graphical interfaces Implementation and deployment Outcomes Mobile application graphical interfaces Alert notification received Alert detected window

Outcomes Mobile application graphical interfaces Implementation and deployment Outcomes Mobile application graphical interfaces Rescue itinerary choice Rescue navigation started

Outcomes Mobile application graphical interfaces Implementation and deployment Outcomes Mobile application graphical interfaces Alert level 1 Alert level 4

Outcomes Mobile application graphical interfaces Implementation and deployment Outcomes Mobile application graphical interfaces Daily vehicle statistics Weekly vehicle statistics Total vehicle statistics

Implementation and deployment Outcomes OBU

Implementation and deployment Outcomes Registration

Implementation and deployment Outcomes Authentication

Outcomes Navigating using the OBU GPS receiver Implementation and deployment Outcomes Navigating using the OBU GPS receiver

Implementation and deployment Demonstration

Outline Introduction Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile application Excessive battery use Improving the system performances using an OBU Implementation and deployment Conclusion and perspectives

Conclusion and perspectives Autodetect traffic jams and broadcast road hazard warnings Mobile application + server : Fully implemented Mobile application + OBU : not fully implemented (time constraints) Perspectives Implement the traffic jam autodetection algorithm in the OBU Establish ad-hoc networks to broadcast CAMs and DENMs Study the power consumption behaviour of this solution

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