1. WSN Done By: 3bdulRa7man Al7arthi Mo7mad AlHudaib Moh7amad Ba7emed Wireless Sensors Network

2. Outline of WSN Definition. Definition. Applications of WSN. Applications of WSN. How does WSN work? How does WSN work? Characteristics of WSN. Characteristics of WSN.

4. 1.Definition

5. Definition: Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a computer network consisting of large number of small devices distributed in different places

6. Sensor Nodes: What it does: sense, process data, communicate to each other Consist of: radio transceiver,a small controller,an energy source,an energy source Size and Cost: ranging (shoebox- sized and a grain dust).Varying (hundreds of dollars and few cents(depend on complixcity and size)) and few cents(depend on complixcity and size))

7. 2.Applications of WSN

8. Common task monitoring physical and environmental conditions such as (temperature, sound, vibration or pressure) at different locations Many fields: - Civilian applications - Healthcare applications - Environmental monitoring - home automation

9. monitoring, tracking and controlling monitoring, tracking and controlling Example (monitor area) Example (monitor area) Typical applications:

10. 3.How does WSN work?

11. WSN Parts Nodes sensor. Nodes sensor. WSN Gateway. WSN Gateway. Server. Server. Local Terminal. Local Terminal.

12. Nodes Sensor: Consist of : Consist of : Radio Transceiver or any other wireless communications. Radio Transceiver or any other wireless communications. Data memory. Data memory. Small microcontroller. and Small microcontroller. and Energy source ” usually a battery ”. Energy source ” usually a battery ”.

13. Nodes Sensors When these nodes sense any movement or any change, they should report it as a message to the server through WSN Gateway. This is called Upstream. When these nodes sense any movement or any change, they should report it as a message to the server through WSN Gateway. This is called Upstream. The server sends orders to nodes and ask them to do appropriate response. This is called Downstream. The server sends orders to nodes and ask them to do appropriate response. This is called Downstream.

14. WSN Gateway Gateway is important because it is a device where we can connect these nodes sensor to the internet. Gateway is important because it is a device where we can connect these nodes sensor to the internet. Gateway is the only component between these nodes which has an IP address. Gateway is the only component between these nodes which has an IP address.

15. Server There are two way to connect the server to these nodes through gateway: There are two way to connect the server to these nodes through gateway: Ethernet. Ethernet. Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi. Data that is collected from nodes sensors are saved into the server and can be access them either as a web-page or as a database. Data that is collected from nodes sensors are saved into the server and can be access them either as a web-page or as a database.

16. Local Terminals Desktops. Desktops. PDAs. PDAs. Mobiles. Mobiles.

17. Big Picture of WSN

19. 4.Characteristics.

20. 4. Characteristics: Power Power Security Security MAC MAC ROUTING ROUTING Reliability Reliability Integration with wake/sleep schedules Integration with wake/sleep schedules Unicast, multicast and anycast semantics Unicast, multicast and anycast semantics Real-Time Real-Time Mobility Mobility Voids Voids Security Security Congestion Congestion

21. Long Time Life. Long Time Life. Pair of AA Battery Pair of AA Battery Mobile phones live for few days without charging ……..power consumption in milliamps range Mobile phones live for few days without charging ……..power consumption in milliamps range While it is in micro amps range While it is in micro amps range HOW? HOW? Hardware -Software Hardware -Software Power

22. Power Hardware Level Hardware Level Solar cell Solar cell Mechanical Energy (motion, wind) Mechanical Energy (motion, wind) More batteries, if size and form are not problems More batteries, if size and form are not problems Multiple states of power (ON-OFF-IDLE) Multiple states of power (ON-OFF-IDLE)

23. Power Software Level: Software Level: Minimizing communications Minimizing communications well implemented protocols and algorithms well implemented protocols and algorithms Schedule sleep/wake-up patterns Schedule sleep/wake-up patterns Some nodes are active in a period of time Some nodes are active in a period of time Rotation Rotation

24. Security Encryption and Authentication Encryption and Authentication Encryption key Encryption key

25. MAC Media Access Control Media Access Control MAC protocols control the actions over the shared media of connectivity. MAC protocols control the actions over the shared media of connectivity. In case the channel: In case the channel: is busy. is busy. There is collision There is collision Doze Mode Doze Mode

26. ROUTING Discover the neighborhood Discover the neighborhood Build a table consist of: Build a table consist of: ID ID Geographic location Geographic location remaining energy, remaining energy, quality of the link and quality of the link and delay via that node delay via that node In the next few slides some key issues In the next few slides some key issues

27. Routing Reliability Reliability Quality index-delivery ratio Quality index-delivery ratio Integration with wake/sleep schedules: Integration with wake/sleep schedules: doze mode doze mode no transmitting to a sleep node. no transmitting to a sleep node.

28. Routing Unicast, multicast and anycast semantics: Unicast, multicast and anycast semantics: massage may include an ID with a specific unicast node or the nearest one to the geographic destination massage may include an ID with a specific unicast node or the nearest one to the geographic destination area multicast (around destination) area multicast (around destination) Any node in the destination area Any node in the destination area Real-Time:: Real-Time:: Hard to guarantee Hard to guarantee The main factor is velocity The main factor is velocity

29. Routing Mobility : Mobility : Complicated Complicated Keep tracking Keep tracking Voids: Voids: No forwarding node No forwarding node Path around it Path around it

30. Routing Security: Security: ???? ???? Congestion : Congestion : Nowadays, not critical Nowadays, not critical Maybe in base station Maybe in base station Solution (decrease data rate, ignore less important messages) Solution (decrease data rate, ignore less important messages)

31. Thank for paying attention. Please ask if there is something not clear.