Ch. 9 JOINTS (aka… articulations) HUMAN ANATOMY Per. 3

Complete your wkst before you do Joint Aerobics! Per. 1 start

“Synarthrosis” “Amphiarthrosis” “Diarthrosis” (synovial joints) e. Ellipsoid/Condyloid: wrist f. Gliding: metatarsals & phalanges

o TENDONS: cartilage that connect skeletal muscle to bone o Pass across or around joint o Can limit range of motion o Provide support Per. 2

Dislocation (luxation) Articulating bones are forced out of position by extreme stress Can cause damage to cartilage, ligaments or distort the joint cavity Subluxation Partial dislocation Less severe “double-jointed” persons more likely to suffer subluxation

Gliding: 2 surfaces slide past each other Circumduction: circular movement of a body part; a combination of flexion, extension, adduction, & abduction Rotation: motion that occurs when a part turns on its axis Pg

Flexion/extension/ hyperextension Flexion: bending movement that decreases the angle between 2 parts Extension: straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts Hyperextension: movement beyond the normal position Pg

Supination/pronation Supination: rotation of forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly (up) Pronation: rotation of forearm that moves the palm from an anterior-facing position to a posterior-facing position (down) Opposition: motion involving a grasping of the thumb & fingers Pg

Inversion/eversion Inversion: movement of sole of foot towards median plane Eversion: movement of sole of foot away from median plane Retraction/protraction Retraction: posterior movement of arms at the shoulders Protraction: anterior movement of arms at the shoulders

Pg Depression/elevation Depression: movement in an inferior direction Elevation: movement in a superior direction Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion Dorsiflexion: extension of entire foot superiorly Plantar flexion: flexion of entire foot inferiorly Lateral flexion: flexion from side to side

Pg Abduction/adduction Abduction: motion that pulls a structure or part away from the midline of the body Adduction: motion that pulls a structure or part towards the midline of the body

Skull Decorating Contest Each group will have one skull to decorate There will be 2 winners: most creative and most anatomically correct Winners get extra credit! Requirements: Sutures are identified with lines, bones need to be labeled or colored, all group members names need to be listed, and you must use at least 4 colors