Africa’s Size and Diversity 11.7 million square miles About 3-1/2 times the size of the Continental United States Dakar to Mogadishu = 4365 miles Chicago to Honolulu = 4250 miles Tunis to Cape Town = 4885 miles New York to Moscow = 4674 miles 53 nations 888 million people (14% of Earth pop.) Over 800 ethnic groups and 1000 languages

A Diverse African Environment Opportunities Rapidly growing economies Increasing democratization Emerging regional security and economic communities Growing political will to confront challenges Security Challenges Terrorism & Extremism Piracy and Trafficking Non-Professional / Irregular Militaries Ethnic Strife Undergoverned Areas

U.S. Africa Command Mission Statement United States Africa Command, in concert with other U.S. Government agencies and international partners, conducts sustained security engagement through military-to-military programs, military-sponsored activities, and other military operations as directed to promote a stable and secure African environment in support of U.S. foreign policy. Reduce conflict Improve security Defeat violent extremism Support crisis response Our focus is to build the capacity of our African partners to: 4

Our Approach -- “Active Security” Persistent, Sustained Level of Effort Building Partner Security Capacity Supporting USG Efforts to Encourage Dialogue and Development Promote Strategic Relationships Conducting Civil-Military Activities to Foster Stability Providing Crisis Response Oriented on Preventing Conflict… …to Enable the Work of Africans 5

Committed for the Long Term Maintaining a persistent level of effort across Programs Communication Equipping Activities Listening and Learning – Building Trust and Confidence Foreign military sales or grants, plus training, etc. Training, exercises, etc. plus build the training base Education Sustainment Employment Instilling professionalism among officers and NCOs Build sustainment capacity, cross-service agreements Enabling the Work of Africans!

Active Security in Practice Africa Partnership Station (APS) – Oct 2007 – Apr 2008 Requirement Request Communicate West African nations seek to improve maritime security Gulf of Guinea Ministerials Cotonou, Benin – Nov 2006 Announcement of APS in Washington DC Implement Assess Follow-Up Listen to Partners: New Requirements? Continue Program? Extend Program to Other Domains? APS deploys – conducts events requested by partners How well executed? How well did it meet partner needs?

Other Theater Security Cooperation Programs Training and Equipping enhancing security capacity Foreign Military Finance (FMF) -- $18.5M Military to Military Engagement (M2M) -- $3M Military Education promoting professionalism, enhancing capacity International Military Education and Training (IMET) -- $17.09M Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program (CTFP) -- $4M Note: Amounts are FY08 numbers toward African nations

Other Theater Security Cooperation Programs (2) Civil-Military Programs helping prevent conflict Humanitarian Mine Action (HMA) -- $400K DoD HIV/AIDS Prevention Program (DHAPP) -- $82.5M Programs Relating to National Defense Authorization Act Section 1206 programs -- $47.8M Section 1207 programs -- $56.5M Note: Amounts are FY08 numbers toward African nations

Our Team in Africa Offices of Security Cooperation (OSCs) Defense Attaché Officers w/o an OSC AFRICOM Liaison Officers Bi-Lateral Assistance Officers Maritime Assistance Officers OEF-TS Security Assistance Officers Liaison officer in Southern Sudan Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA) CJTF-HOA Country Coordination Element 10

http://www.africom.mil News, Features, and a BLOG

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State Partnership Program Utah -- Morocco Since 2003 Wyoming -- Tunisia Since 2004 Vermont -- Senegal In-Progress since April 2007 N. Dakota -- Ghana California -- Nigeria Since 2006 N. Carolina -- Botswana New York -- South Africa The State Partnership Program represents a “formal” partnership between a US state and an African nation. National Guard and Reserve units from these states visit these countries and bring unique skills and provide valuable training while accomplishing their own training objectives. Unlike federal troops, US National Guard forces are organized by the state governors within each U.S. state. The majority of National Guard troops are not fulltime soldiers. Instead, they hold civilian professions and participate in military training one weekend per month. They can be activated by state governors to respond to natural disasters, such as floods or forest fires. They are trained to professional U.S. military standards and can be activated and deployed by the President. Many of our troops who have served in Iraq and Afghanistan are National Guard members. They bring a unique perspective to their work because of their civilian employment and community connections. They embody an American ethos known as “citizen soldiers” in which members of the community participate in keeping that community secure. Also, the military structure and size of a state National Guard is more comparable to the size and structure of many partner nations with which we work. The State Partnership Program began in Eastern Europe in the 1990s and helped prepare many former Communist nations for NATO membership. Because National Guard membership has such a strong civilian component, these military partnerships often lead to deeper economic and community ties between U.S. states and partner nations. Currently five partnerships have been formalized in Africa, with two others pending. Partners a U.S. state’s National Guard with an African partner for training, exercise, and relationship building 4/26/2017

Peacekeeping Africa Contingency Operations Training and Assistance (ACOTA) program The US has been training African peacekeepers through ACOTA (or ACRI) since 1997 Enhances existing African peace keeping capabilities Focuses on infantry skills, humanitarian operations, human rights, and rules of engagement in peacekeeping scenarios Trains approximately 20 battalions a year 20 countries - ACOTA program is currently training: Benin, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. Note: Angola decided NOT to participate (on hold). Burundi, as an AMISOM TCC, will receive ACOTA training but is not a partner yet. The UK and Netherlands have provided mentors to ACOTA training. ACOTA deconflicts/coordinates with France to provide comprehensive PKO training

Liberia Security Sector Reform $209M over four years to create a new Liberian army by 2008 ~ 2000 soldiers to be trained Brigade HQ, 2 infantry battalions, MP company, band Contractor-provided training, EUCOM-provided mentors Provides all training, equipment, and infrastructure construction EUCOM commitment: 3 years UN Mission in Liberia (since Sep 03) Mission: To provide security for country of Liberia $714.9M for UN FY06 ~ 17,000 total personnel 90 fatalities ECJ5-A Maj Plank/430-8570 Approved by: ECJ5-A/6 Dec 06 Liberia Security Sector Reform (SSR) 1. Summary. Liberia Security Sector Reform (SSR) seeks to rebuild, from scratch, the Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL). This Department of State (US State Department )-led effort will use contracted trainers to establish a 2,020 member force. Department of State and Office of the Secretary of Defense (US Department of Defense) agree that uniformed mentors, complementing contracted mentors, are critical to instilling Liberian soldiers with professional ethics and ensure that Liberia’s military remains subordinate to civilian rule. Although the initial USEUCOM commitment is for three years, the extensive nature of this program may take two to three times that amount of time to reach an acceptable end state. 2. Background. Liberia SSR is part of the overall US effort to establish effective governance in Liberia. It is a US State Department -led program currently funded at $95M over four years. Its objective is the creation of a new AFL that is professional, apolitical, subordinate to civilian leadership, and respectful of human rights. This program restructures the Ministry of Defense and creates a brigade headquarters, two infantry battalions, a military police company, and a band including all training, equipping and infrastructure construction. In Nov 04, MPRI completed a study of Liberia’s budget and determined that over the next five years Liberia can only afford to sustain a military force of approximately 2,000 personnel. Based on recommendations from this study, the current SSR plan provides training for a total of 2,020 soldiers. As Liberia’s economy grows and the country can afford to sustain a larger force, the program may continue until the total strength of the AFL reaches approximately 4,000 personnel including air and maritime components. USEUCOM involvement directly supports US Department of Defense Security Cooperation Guidance objective A5 – Help Reform Defense Establishments of Selected Countries, which lists Liberia as a priority partner, USEUCOM Strategic Objective 5 – Security Conditions are Conducive to a Favorable International Order, and Strategic Objective 6 – Strong Alliances and Partnerships Effectively Contend with Common Challenges. a. Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL). Other than the first 104 graduates of initial entry training, Liberia currently has no armed military force. All security functions are conducted by United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL). The UN disarmed over 100,000 combatants in 2004 and the final disarmament and demobilization of post 1990 war recruits and pre-1990 AFL soldiers was completed in December 2005. On 24 July 2006, US US State Department contractors began training the new AFL and the first class graduated on initial entry training on 4 Nov 06. Before joining formed units, AFL recruits will complete a 15-week initial entry training course and a six-week advanced individual training course. Noncommissioned Officer (NCO) recruits will complete an additional four-week basic NCO Course. Those recruits demonstrating exceptional leadership skills and who hold a college degree will attend a six-week Officer Basic Course in addition to the four-week Basic NCO Course. b. Military Mentors. US Department of Defense and US State Department , with enthusiastic support of Liberian President Sirleaf-Johnson, have requested uniformed military mentors to augment US contracted trainers. These personnel will be a mix of officers and noncommissioned officers at the Ministry of Defense, brigade, battalion and company levels, and will mentor Liberian leaders of similar grade. In January 2006, Gen Jones, CDRUSEUCOM, committed to the Liberia SSR program. Operational Temporary Tour of Active Duty (OPTTAD) funding was requested and authorized in late Aug 06 to cover pay and allowance for Reserve Component personnel through FY07. All temporary duty related costs are funding by FMF via an FMS case. USEUCOM will request OPTTAD each year and envisions utilizing Reserve Component personnel to fill all mentor billets except the medical mentor position which is filled by USAFE. Table 1 illustrates the level, rank, skill set and deployment timeline of US military personnel. The UK is also providing one military mentor (Infantry LTC) beginning in Apr 07. c. End State. The goal of Liberian SSR is to create a military force that is responsive to civilian rule. Initial combat readiness of the first AFL Battalion is anticipated in September 2008. At the end of the proposed three-year USEUCOM military mentor commitment, the initial AFL force of 2,020 is likely to be combat ready, but it will only be able to supplant a portion of the UNMIL troops. It is not unreasonable to assume the full reform of the Liberian security sector may take ten years, well beyond the initial USEUCOM commitment. 3. Conclusion. Liberia SSR is a significant commitment on behalf of the US government and the international community. Although US Department of Defense and JS strongly support US military involvement in Liberia SSR, they will not task USEUCOM to support the effort. Therefore, USEUCOM must support this program from existing resources. If OPTTAD funding is not approved for use in FY08 and FY09, USEUCOM will use active duty personnel to meet mentor requirements. Additionally, a decision in early FY09 will be required to determine if the interagency, to include USEUCOM, will continue supporting Liberia SSR. Table 1 US Military Mentor Deployment Timeline Position Rank Skill Set Start End Senior Defense Advisor O-6 Pol-Mil Currently Deployed (1) Brigade Staff Mentor O-5 Infantry Jul 08 Sep 09 Brigade Staff Logistics Mentor E-8 Logistics Mar 07 Sep 09 Brigade Medical Mentor E-7 Medical Jan 07 Sep 09 Battalion 1 Staff Mentor O-4 Infantry Dec 07 Sep 09 Battalion 1 Staff NCO Mentor E-7 Infantry Dec 07 Sep 09 Battalion 2 Staff Mentor O-4 Infantry Jun 08 Sep 09 Battalion 2 Staff NCO Mentor E-7 Infantry Jun 08 Sep 09 Note: (1) SDA deployment end date linked to successful selection and standup of a Liberian AFL Chief of Staff.

Maritime Security Goals: EUCOM actions: Improved maritime domain awareness Enhanced African regional maritime security and regional cooperation Reduced piracy and “freedom of action” of traffickers and terrorists Illegal fishing is countered Enhanced sovereignty and security EUCOM actions: Ship visits and maritime training Provision of equipment Boats, Coastal Radars, and Automated Identification Systems (AIS) EUCOM actions: One out of every five Africans has fish as his/her primary source of protein. However, the waters off of Africa are threatened by illegal fishing. Top right is an illegal fisherman in the waters off of Mozambique. Estimates of financial losses due to illegal fishing in the Southwest Indian Ocean are in the hundreds of millions of dollars annually. The boat on the bottom right was provided to the Mozamican Navy by EUCOM JIACG-CNT. It is operated in an innovative partnership with the World Wildlife Foundation. The last picture is of training being conducted by the crew of the USS FORREST SHERMAN in Tanzania

Africa Partnership Station (APS) Themes Maritime Security and Safety are vital to regional prosperity US and partners are committed to enabling African solutions Building trust through transparency and collaboration Successful Development Coalition support NGO participation USS Fort McHenry: Nov 07 – Apr 08 Ghana Gabon Angola Sao Tome & Principe Cameroon HSV Swift: Jan 08 –Jun 08 - USS Fort McHenry recently departed region HSV Swift in Nigeria - Next rotation December 2008 – June 2009: USS Nashville

Broad expanses of “ungoverned airspace” Air Security Broad expanses of “ungoverned airspace” EUCOM, through USAFE, supports USG “Safe Skies for Africa” program Goal is to improve radar coverage and air traffic control over Africa Presently, radar coverage is limited Costs of “ungoverned” airspace Potential for trafficking Poor air safety Reduction in economic The Threat – Ungoverned Airspace USAFE Africa Air Chiefs Conference - Invite List Algeria Angola Botswana Ghana Morocco Nigeria Rwanda South Africa Tunisia Uganda Cameroon Chad Mali Mauritania Namibia Niger Senegal Zambia Gabon Observers France, Belgium Portugal, U.K. AMEMB Berlin ECOWAS, AU, ACOTA ACA, SADEC, ECAS potential

Counter-Terrorism OEF-Trans-Sahara is EUCOM / AFRICOM’s effort to: Build regional capacity Promote interoperability Strengthen Inter-regional cooperation in the trans-Sahara region Trans-Sahara Counter Terrorism Partnership (TSCTP) is the US Department of State program in these same nations Numerous trans-national extremists originated from North Africa and it is believed that trans-national networks return to this region for further recruitment, logistics, and safe-haven. Large areas of “ungoverned” territory in the Sahel and West Africa makes it easier for local-based groups to acquire and transport arms which makes them attractive “franchise” opportunities for trans-national terrorists.

Partnership Development Goal: To build on regional relationships with African Union and sub-regional organizations AFRICOM support regional cooperation and coalition development through conferences and workshops