Bose-Einstein Condensation (a tutorial) Melinda Kellogg Wyatt Technology Corporation Santa Barbara, CA June 8, 2010.

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Presentation transcript:

Bose-Einstein Condensation (a tutorial) Melinda Kellogg Wyatt Technology Corporation Santa Barbara, CA June 8, 2010

Satyendra Bose (1894 – 1974)

FermionsBosons

Spin

Elementary particles also spin… electron: spin ½ proton/neutron: spin ½ quark: spin ½ photon: spin 1 graviton: spin 2 Higgs boson: spin 0

half-integral spin: electrons, protons, neutrons… zero or integral spin: Higgs bosons, photons, helium-4 atoms, sodium-23, rubidium-87 atoms… FermionsBosons obey Pauli exclusion principle don’t obey Pauli exclusion principle

Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955)

e - e - e - e - e - e - e - e - Bose-Einstein Condensate

where: Critical Temperature

First Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC): Superfluid He-4

a better BEC requires weaker interatomic interactions… a diffuse gas

Laser Cooling

stationary atom absorbs green photon

and shortly thereafter re-emits it

slightly detune laser towards the red…

photon passes through, unless…

photon is Doppler shifted appears green to atom atom is moving toward light source,

laser

Laser (Doppler) Cooling cools to ~ 150 μK

Evaporative Cooling

Magnetic Trap

low field seeking high field seeking Magnetic Potential Energy S N  

Magnetic Trap

Evaporative Cooling magnetic field strength position

Evaporative Cooling potential energy position

Evaporative Cooling position E magnetic field strength

Evaporative Cooling position E magnetic field strength

Evaporative Cooling position E magnetic field strength

Evaporative Cooling position magnetic field strength

Evaporative Cooling position  B  ~ 30 MHz magnetic field strength

Evaporative Cooling position magnetic field strength

Evaporative Cooling position E magnetic field strength

Evaporative Cooling cools to < 1 μK

BEC of Sodium Atoms Durfee & Ketterle, Optics Express 2, 299 (1998)

Thank you! (mainly of excitons)

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