Reproductive Health & Safety Lesson 4 – FDA Approved Contraceptives

The Lesson Objectives Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety 1.Answer Submitted Questions 2.Review the Previous Lesson 3.Learn the FDA Approved Contraceptives Including Barrier, Hormonal and Permanent Methods

Ground Rules Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Be Respectful Exhibit Maturity Demonstrate Patience

The Question Box Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Let’s Review Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety5

A Quick Review Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety STDs Bacterial STDs/STIs Viral STDs/STIs Parasitic STDs/STIs

What is the FDA? Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) is an agency within the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

What is the Role of the FDA? Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety The FDA is the agency that is responsible for monitoring/regulating:  human drugs ▪ US food supply  veterinary drugs ▪ cosmetics  vaccines ▪ dietary supplements  medical devices ▪ tobacco products

Barrier Methods Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety  Male Condom  Female Condom  Diaphragm  Cervical Cap  Sponge  Spermicide

Male Condom - Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety A latex or polyurethane sheath placed over the erect penis.

Male Condom - Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Risks – Irritation and allergic reaction Failure Rate – 11 pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STDs – May provide some protection from STDs

Female Condom - Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety A polyurethane sheath with a closed end that has a flexible ring that is inserted in to the vagina

Female Condom - Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Risks – Irritation and allergic reaction Failure Rate – 21 pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – May provide some protection from STDs – Not as effective as a latex condom

Diaphragm with Spermicide - Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety A dome shaped rubber device that covers the cervix

Diaphragm with Spermicide - Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Risks – Irritation and allergic reactions, urinary tract infection and in rare cases Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) Failure Rate – 15 pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None

Sponge with Spermicide - Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety A disk-shaped polyurethane device with the spermicide nonoxynol -9

Sponge with Spermicide - Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Risks – Irritation and allergic reaction, in rare cases TSS Failure Rate – pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None

Cervical Cap with Spermicide- Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety A soft latex or silicone cup with a round rim, used to cover the cervix

Cervical Cap with Spermicide - Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Risks – Irritation and allergic reaction, in rare cases TSS and abnormal Pap test Failure Rate – pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None

Spermicide Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety A foam, cream, jelly, film or tablet that kills sperm

Spermicide Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Risks – Irritation and allergic reaction, urinary tract infection Failure Rate – 30 pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None

Hormonal Methods Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety  Oral Contraceptives  Patch  Vaginal Contraceptive Ring  Shot/Injection  Combined Pill  Progestin-only  Extended/Continuous

Combined Pill Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety A pill that uses estrogen and progestin to stop ovaries from releasing eggs and thickens cervical mucus

Combined Pill - Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Risks – Dizziness, nausea, changes in menstruation, mood, and weight, rarely cardiovascular disease, including high blood pressure, blood clots, heart attack and stroke Failure Rate – 5 pregnancies per 100 women per year Protection from STD – None

Progestin Only Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety A pill that uses progestin to reduce and thickens cervical mucus

Progestin Only- Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Risks – Irregular bleeding, weight gain and breast tenderness Failure Rate – 5 pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None

Extended/Continuous Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety A pill that uses estrogen and progestin and is taken in 3 month cycles, thus reducing the number of menstrual periods

Extended/Continuous Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Risks – Similar to other pills, bleeding and spotting between periods Failure Rate – 5 pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None

Patch Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Skin patch worn on the body that releases progestin and estrogen into the bloodstream

Patch Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Risks – Higher levels of estrogen Failure Rate – 5 pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None

Vaginal Contraceptive Ring Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety A flexible ring that is inserted into the vagina and releases progestin and estrogen

Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Risks – Irritation, vaginal discharge, vaginal swelling and other risks similar to oral contraceptives Failure Rate – 5 pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None Vaginal Contraceptive Ring

Injection/Shot Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety An injectable form of progestin and estrogen, needed every 3 months

Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Risks – Bone loss, bleeding between periods, weight gain, breast tenderness, headaches Failure Rate – 1 pregnancy per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None Injection/Shot

Emergency Contraceptive Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Pills containing progestin or estrogen and progestin, must be used within 72 hours after unprotected sex, should not be used as a regular form of birth control

Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Risks – Nausea, vomiting headaches, abdominal pain, fatigue and headaches Failure Rate – 15 pregnancies per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None Emergency Contraceptive

Implanted Devices Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety  IUD (Intrauterine Device)  Implantable Rod

Intrauterine Device Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety A T-shaped device inserted in to the uterus by a health professional

Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Risks – Cramps, bleeding, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, tear or hole in uterus Failure Rate – 1 pregnancy per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None Intrauterine Device

Implant Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Matchstick sized rubber rods that are surgically implanted under the skin of the upper arm, that release progestin

Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Risks – Acne, weight gain, ovarian cysts, mood changes, depression, hair loss, headache, upset stomach, dizziness, soreness in breasts and changes in period Failure Rate – 1 pregnancy per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None Implant Photo - S. Linder

Permanent Methods for Women Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Sterilization Implant – Coil is placed in the fallopian tubes, causes scar tissue to form thus blocking the fallopian tubes

Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Risks – Mild to moderate pain after insertion, ectopic (tubal) pregnancy Failure Rate – 1 pregnancy per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None Permanent Methods for Women

Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Sterilization Surgery – The fallopian tubes are tied off and cut apart, procedure done in hospital setting

Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Risks – Pain, bleeding, infection or other similar complications after surgery, ectopic (tubal) pregnancy Failure Rate – 1 pregnancy per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None Permanent Methods for Women

Permanent Methods for Men Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Surgical Surgery (vasectomy) – A small incision is made in the scrotum, the vas deferens are then tied off, cut (a small portion may be removed) and the ends are stitched, clipped or cauterized (device destroys tissue)

Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety Risks – Pain, bleeding, infection or other similar complications after surgery Failure Rate – 1 pregnancy per 100 women per year See FDA effectiveness chart Protection from STD – None Permanent Methods for Men

Let’s Review Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

Knowledge Assessment Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety

The End Wake County Public School System Reproductive Health & Safety