Roman occupation of Britain Celtic-speakers - Britons

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Presentation transcript:

43-407 Roman occupation of Britain Celtic-speakers - Britons Anglo-Saxons Map Link: Roman Britain about 410: <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/ roman_britain.jpg> Map Link: Britain about 600: britain_settlement_600_1923.jpg>

End 6th c. Anglo-Saxons dominant in England 596 Pope Gregory the Great sends mission to England Angles - angels Deira - de ira dei Aelle - Alleluia 597 Augustine (of Canterbury, d. 605) arrives in England, converts King Aethelbert of Kent, establishes monastery at Canterbury

Map Link: Settlement in Britain in about 600: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury#/ media/File:Britain_peoples_circa_600.svg>

617-33 Reign of Edwin, King of Northumbria, who is married to Aethelberga, daughter of Aethelbert 625 Edwin converted to Christianity through influence of wife and Paulinus 633 Conquest of Northumbria by Penda, pagan King of Mercia

St Patrick (c. 415-493) From N-W England. Captured by Irish raiders, slave for several years Escaped to Gaul, studied at various monasteries c. 460 Returned to Ireland as bishop

Irish/Celtic Christianity Monasteries as basic units of organisation Ascetic lifestyle of monks Devotion to learning Self-exile as religious observance (St Columba (521-97), St Columbanus (founder of Bobbio, c. 530-615)

634 Oswald drives out Penda, retakes Northumbria. Brings in Aidan (d. 651), who founds monastery of Lindisfarne 643 Penda kills Oswald in battle. Power passes to Oswy (r. 643-70) 656 Oswy kills Penda 664 Synod of Whitby Hild Eanfled Wilfred Colman

669 Pope sends Theodore of Tarsus to be new Archbishop of Canterbury. Accompanied by Hadrian (founder of school at Canterbury) and Benedict Biscop (628-90, founder of monasteries of Wearmouth and Jarrow) Northumbrian/Anglo-Saxon Renaissance

The Venerable Bede (672/73-735) Oblate, spent most of life at Wearmouth and Jarrow Wrote wide range of works Ecclesiastical History of the English People

Beowulf: Old English First written down in present form c. 700

Other vernacular works: First collection of Germanic law (Kent) Anglo-Saxon devotional poetry (Caedmon, Cynewulf) Role of women, e.g. Hild (614-80), Abbess of Whitby (“double monastery”), founder, teacher