Cell Organelles Structure and Function

Example: Mr. Boandl Structure o Made of bone wrapped in tons of muscle o Tall, 6 feet 1 inch Function o To yell at kids so they keep working - To yell at kids after yelling at kids

Picture of Mr. Boandl Location -Whitehall High, D104 Mr. Boandl on his 15th birthday. Mr. Boandl last year.

Cell Membrane Structure: o made of a phospholid bilayer o a wide variety of protiens embedded in the bilayer Function: o isolate the cell from its external environment o regulates the flow into and out of the cell o allows interactions with other cells

Picture of Cell Membrane Location: located around all of the organelles and the cytoplasm of the cell

Cell Wall Structure: o layer of material normally made of cellulose or cellulose like material Function: o to protect and support plant cells

Picture of Cell Wall Location: the cell wall is located on the outside of the cell membrane

Cytoplasm Structure: -consists of water, salts, and various other things. -consists of all the material inside the plasma membrane and outside the DNA- containing region. Function: -metabolic reactions occur.

Picture of Cytoplasm Location: -Inside the plasma membrane. Outside the DNA-containing region. Found in plant and animal cells.

Nucleus Structure: o Bounded by a double outer membrane, containing chromatin and nucleous, all within a nuclear envelope. The nucleus is coated with nuclear pores. o Chromatin in the nucleus consists of DNA and its associated proteins, which are responsible for the genetic material inside the cell. Function: o DNA in the nucleus contains information needed to construct the cell and direct chemical reations necessary for life and reproduction (like the cells's "blueprints").

Picture of Nucleus o Location: Separate membrane-bound structure in the center of the cell

Nucleolus Structure: o Dark region within the nuclear envelope at the center of the nucleus o Made up of ribosomal RNA, proteins, ribosomes in various stages of synthesis, and DNA. Function: o The site of ribosomal assembly, called ribosome synthesis o Ribosomes in the nucleolus synthesize thousands of proteins made by the cell.

Picture of Nucleolus Location: Inside the nuclear envelope, in the center of the nucleus (and picture)

Ribosome Structure: Function:

Picture of Ribosomes Location: (and picture)

Microtubules and Microfilaments Structure: Function:

Picture of Microtubules and Microfilaments Location: (and picture)

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum Structure: a.series of interconnected membrane- enclosed tubes and channels b. No ribosomes Function: a. major site of lipid synthesis b. in liver cells- detoxifiles harmful drugs and metobolic by-products

Picture of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Location: Found in cytoplasm. Plant and animal cells

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure: Numerous ribosomes stud the outside of the Rough E.R. The E.R. is a series of interconnected membrane-enclosed tubes and channels in the cytoplasm. Function: The Ribosomes on the rough E.R. synthesize proteins including membrane proteins. Most of the membrane synthesized in the rough E.R. forms new of replacement E.R. membrane.

Picture of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Location: The rough E.R. is in the cytoplasm right outside of the nuclear envelope. The rough ER is contained in both plant and animal cells. (and picture)

Golgi Apparatus Structure : o set of membrane sacs derived from the endoplasmic reticulum o looks like smooth ER "squashed" in the middle so the ends buldge out Function : o seperates proteins and lipids recieved from the ER according to their destinations o modifies some molecules o packages materials into vesicles and exports them

Picture of Golgi Apparatus Location: o cytoplasm o found in both plant and animal cells

Lysosome Structure: -a small, membranous vesicle. Function -contains intracellular digestive enzymes from golgi complex, and digests food particles and malfunctioning or defective organelles. -fuses w/ food vacuoles and breaks down what's inside into amino acids, monosaccharides, etc.

Picture of Lysosome Location: -floating in the cytoplasm. -found in both plant and animal cells.

Mitochondria Structure: o Double membrane 1.inner 2.outer o "lima bean" like shape 1.oval o inner 1.matrix: inner compartment 2.cristae: deep folds Function: uses ATP to convert food into energy for cells with oxygen.

Picture of Mitochondria Location: o found in metabolically active cells, such as muscles. o both plants and animals discovered in1857

Chloroplast Structure: a. it has a double membrane b. in the inner membrane is semifluid stroma in which the embeded stacks of sac is referred to as grana c. individual sacs of grana are called thylakoids d. about 1 to 5 micrometers in diameter e. has its own set of DNA f. contains outer and inner membrane which contain -stroma and thylokoid -channel interconnecting thylakoids -granum Function

Chloroplast contd... Functions a. photosynthesis- captures energy of sunlight and stores it in sugar

Picture of Chloroplast Location:  in the eukaryotic cells of plants  photosynthetic protists  found in plants Discovered by Russian Botanist Konstantin Mereschkowsky in 1905

Vacuole Structure: a. fluid-filled sacs surrounded by a single membrane b. 2 different structures: contractile vaculoe in fresh water microorganisms and centeral vacuole found in plants Function: a.Store water, support and storage. Pump out water. b. Contractile vacuole - takes up waterfrom the cytoplasm, contracts, then expels water out through pores. c. Central vacuole - occupies most of the volume in plant cells and maintains water pressure.

Picture of Vacuole Location: found in plasma membrane. Plants and animals. animal vacuole