© 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall, Salkind. The Importance of Practicing Ethics in Research.

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© 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall, Salkind. The Importance of Practicing Ethics in Research

© 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall, Salkind.  Summarize why it is important to practice ethical research.  Describe the basic principles of ethical research.  Distinguish between ethical and unethical research practices.  Summarize the role of professional organizations in providing ethical guidelines.

© 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall, Salkind.  A Bit of History  Basic Principles of Ethical Research  Ensuring High Ethical Standards

© 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall, Salkind.

 David Resnick timeline David Resnick timeline  Tuskegee Syphilis Study,  U.S. Government, Research on effects of radiation on human beings,  1966 Henry Beecher article on 22 unethical studies published in New England Journal of Medicine  1974, Congress passes the National Research Act, authorizing federal agencies to develop human research regulations  Ongoing, Initiatives through professional organizations, universities, federal government to promote ethical conduct in research.

© 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall, Salkind.

 Protect from harm  Maintain privacy  Avoid coercion  Provide for informed consent ◦ When using children as subjects, you must gain permission from parents, and you must exercise extra caution.  Maintain confidentiality  Debrief, especially if you have used deception  Share benefits

© 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall, Salkind.

 Do a computer simulation if possible.  If the treatment might be harmful, try to find a population that has already been “naturally” treated.  Always secure informed consent.  If possible, report summary data rather than individual results.  If the treatment might have adverse side effects, begin with a small sample.  Ask your colleagues to review your proposal.  Receive Institutional Review Board approval to help ensure that you are meeting ethical guidelines.

© 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall, Salkind.  American Psychological Association (APA) Ethical Guidelines American Psychological Association (APA) Ethical Guidelines  Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Ethical Guidelines Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Ethical Guidelines  American Educational Research Association American Educational Research Association  American Sociological Association American Sociological Association  American Medical Association American Medical Association

© 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall, Salkind. 1. Generally, you may quote if the site does not prohibit use of information 2. Gaining consent should not disrupt normal, ongoing activities of real-time sites 3. Be conscientious about obtaining consent 4. Defend the confidentiality and identity of participants in public forums when results are reported

© 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall, Salkind.  Summarize why it is important to practice ethical research?  Describe the basic principles of ethical research?  Distinguish between ethical and unethical research practices?  Summarize the role of professional organizations in providing ethical guidelines?