The Enlightenment Chapter 18 Section 3

ThinkersIdeas Thomas Hobbes Natural law- people are naturally selfish – need one very strong leader. John Locke Natural Law- gov’t should take care of people – people should obey gov’t Montesquieu Seperation of powers – to have a balance – no one group/person can become too powerful. Voltaire Believed in religious freedom and deism Diderot Supported freedom of religion – wrote first encyclopedia Mary Wallstonecraft Stated that since women can reason like men – they should have equal rights. Rousseau Social Contract – society as a whole should decide.

Analyzing page 360 Views of Thomas Hobbes BothViews of John Locke 1. People are selfish and need a strong leader. Natural Law 1. People have rights and gov’t should answer to people. 2. Gov’t should protect the rights of the people. 3. Life, Liberty and property

Terms to Know page 360 Natural Law –Law that applied to everyone and could be understood by reason. Social Contract –Agreement between rulers and people – take away people’s natural rights and then the people can justify rebellion. Separation of Powers –Power should be equally divided among branches of gov’t – legislative, executive and judicial.

People to Meet page 360 Montesquieu –French thinker – supported England’s government and the separation of powers. (add next two bullets at bottom of page) Philosophe – philosopher – –Most were writers, teachers, journalist, and people who observed society. They believed that reason could be used to change society. Machiavelli (Renaissance) vs. Hobbes –Both thought that the leaders should be strong because people will naturally do what is best for themselves (selfish).

Academic Vocabulary page 361 Reveal –To be discovered or unveiled Contract –An agreement between two or more parties or groups.

Sum It Up page 361 According to Montesquieu, how should government be organized? –Government should be separated into groups, so that no one group becomes too powerful. The groups should be able to “check” what the others are doing.

Terms to Know page 361 Deism –Religious belief – God created world and got it going and not is leaving it alone to run on natural law.

People to Meet page 362 Voltaire –Supported religious freedom and believed in deism.

Academic Vocabulary page 362 Maintain –To keep track of something. To keep at the same status. Range –An amount or distance

Sum It Up page 362 Who were philosophes? –French thinkers, made up of journalists, teachers, writers, and people who observed society. They believed that through the use of reason society could change.