Produced Water Reinjection Performance Joint Industry Project TerraTek, Inc. Triangle Engineering Taurus Reservoir Solutions (DE&S) E-first Technologies AdvantekVIPS

Task 3 – Soft Formations Review of progress since June meeting in Edinburgh

Task 3 – Soft Formations 3.1 Acquisition of Information 3.2 Empirical Correlations and Data Evaluation 3.3 Physical Mechanisms/Phenomena 3.4 Evaluation of Currently Existing Models 3.5 Best Practices: Well Design, Completion and Operating Options Water Quality Specifications/Implications/Guidelines

New Work Completed n Data additions for soft formations n General methodology of analyzing the data set up n Analysis of 3 data sets n Review of modeling tools completed + posted n Spreadsheet analysis of the performance in terms of perm damage or skin applied to analyzed data sets n Tool for calculating poro- and thermoelastic stresses n Detailed look at II calculation

New Work in progress n Analysis of 2 additional data sets (Kerr-McGee, Phillips) n Simple method of representing damage in matrix injection developed (applied to Elf and Shell data) n Review of injectivity of completions needs finishing n Investigation of completion skin of perforated completions n New explanation of apparent injectivity loss in fracture injection

Specific Presentations: n Analysis and comparison of 3 data sets for soft formations n Methodology for computing correct injectivity index in fractured injection mode n Injectivity losses in perforated completions in soft sands

Review of Modeling Tools (general) –Commercial/other software listed and summarized –Requirements for soft sands PWRI have been defined –Findings summarized in a table

Injectivity of Completion Configurations –Summarizes calculation procedures available –Covers most completions included in completion selection tool –Some less known aspects included (turbulence in gravel packed perf completions,…) –The results of the data analysis highlights the importance of evaluating the factors – the effect is cumulative!

Example: Effect of turbulence (old work)

Example: Effect of gravel packing or perf fill-up (Pucknell and Mason)

Example: Effect of turbulence in the fracture (frac pack completions, vert well)

Next Deliverables: n Complete trend analysis of additional data sets (Kerr-McGee, Phillips, BP, Norsk Hydro) n Understanding different signatures of the data in fracture injection when the WHP is operator limited n Provide a toolkit for estimating skin in perforated completions with perf collapse or fill-up, and turbulent effects n Demonstration of the effect of different modes of reservoir deformation on the process via modeling (worked as part of Task 6)