1. Intelligent Systems Development
CHAPTER 14
Intelligent Systems Development
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

2. Intelligent Systems Development
Overview of the expert system development process
Performed differently depending on the
Nature of the system being constructed
Development strategy
Support tools
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

3. Prototyping: ES Development Life Cycle
6 phases
Nonlinear process
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

4. 6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Phases
I. Project Initialization
II. Systems Analysis and Design
III. Rapid Prototyping
IV. System Development
V. Implementation
VI. Postimplementation
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

5. Phase I: Project Initialization
(Table 14.1)
Problem Definition
Need Assessment
Evaluation of Alternative Solutions
Verification of an Expert Systems Approach
Feasibility Study
Cost-benefit Analysis
Consideration of Managerial Issues
Organization of the Development Team
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

6. Feasibility Study (Table 14.2)
Economic (financial): Should we build it?
Technical: Can we build it?
Organizational: If we build it, will they come?
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

7. Cost-Benefit Analysis
Determines project viability
Often very complicated
Difficult to predict costs and benefits
many are qualitative
Expert systems evolve constantly
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

8. Phase II: System Analysis and Design
Conceptual design and plan
Development Strategy
Knowledge sources
Computing resources
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

9. Development Strategy and Methodology
In-House development
Outsourcing
Blended approach
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

10. Software Classification: Technology Levels (Figure 14.2)
Expert System Applications (Specific ES)
Shells
Hybrid Systems
Support Tools, Facilities,
and Construction Aids
Programming Languages
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

11. Software Classification: Technology Levels
(Figure 14.2)
Specific expert systems
Shells
Support tools
Hybrid Systems (environments)
Programming languages
NEW
Object-oriented Programming (OOP)
Internet/Web/Intranet-based Tools
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

12. Shells and Environments
Expert systems components
1. Knowledge acquisition subsystems
2. Inference engine
3. Explanation facility
4. Interface subsystem
5. Knowledge base management facility
6. Knowledge base
Shell: Components 1-5 (Figure 14.3)
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

13. Shell Concept for Building Expert Systems (Figure 14.3)
Tip of the
iceberg
Knowledge
base
(rules)
Knowledge base
editor and debugger
Consultation
manager
Shell
Explanation
program
Knowledge base
management facilities
Inference
engine
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

14. 6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Rule-Based Shells
Exsys
InstantTea
XpertRule KBS G2
Guru
K-Vision
CLIPS
JESS
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

15. Major Issues in Selecting ES Development Software (Table 14.7)
Software Selection
Complex problem
Frequent technology changes
Many criteria
First check out:
“PC AI Buyer’s Guide”
“Expert Systems Resource Guide” in AI Expert
Newsgroup FAQs on ES
Major Issues in Selecting ES Development Software (Table 14.7)
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

16. Software Choice Usually Depends
Hardware Support
Software Choice Usually Depends
on the Hardware
PCs
Unix workstations
Web servers
AI workstations
Mainframes
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

17. Phase III: Rapid Prototyping and a Demonstration Prototype
Build a small prototype
Test, improve, expand
Demonstrate and analyze feasibility
Complete design
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

18. 6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Rapid Prototyping
Crucial to ES development
Small-scale system
Includes knowledge representation
Small number of rules
For proof of concept
Rapid prototyping process (Figure 14.4)
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

19. Phase IV: System Development
Develop the knowledge base
Define the potential solutions
Define the input facts
Develop an outline
Draw a decision tree
Create a knowledge map (matrix)
Create the knowledge base
Test, evaluate, and improve (knowledge base)
Plan for integration
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

20. Use a System Development Approach
Continue with prototyping (yes)
Use the structured life cycle approach (rare)
Do both (rare)
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

21. Phase V: Implementation
Acceptance by users
Installation, demonstration, deployment
Orientation, training
Security
Documentation
Integration, field testing
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

22. ES Implementation Issues
Acceptance by the user
Installation approaches
Demonstration
Mode of deployment
Orientation and training
Security
Documentation
Integration and field testing
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

23. Phase VI: Postimplementation
Operations
Expansion: maintenance and upgrades
Includes periodic evaluation
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

24. Upgrading (Expansion)
The environment changes
More complex situations arise
Additional subsystems can be added (e.g., LMS)
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

25. Evaluation (Periodically)
Maintenance costs versus benefits?
Is the knowledge up-to-date?
Is the system accessible to all users?
Is user acceptance increasing? (feedback)
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

26. The Future of Expert Systems Development Processes
Expect Advances In
Flexible toolkit capabilities, including inferencing hybrids
Improved languages and development systems
Better front ends to help the expert provide knowledge
Improved GUIs via Windows-based environments
Further use of intelligent agents in toolkits
Better ways to handle multiple knowledge representations
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

27. 6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Use of intelligent agents to assist developers
Use of blackboard architectures and intelligent agents in ES
Advances in the object-oriented approach, for representing knowledge and ES programming
Improved and customized CASE tools to manage ES development
Increased hypermedia use and development (Web)
Automated machine learning of databases and text
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson
6th ed, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ