 Hydrogen is a NONMETAL despite its placement on the left hand side of the P.Table.  Metals-Left of “staircase”  Nonmetals-Right of “staircase”  Alkali metals-first family  Alkaline Earth metals-second family  Halogens-second to last family  Noble gases-last family  Lanthanides-pulled out first row  Actinides-pulled out second row

 Group 1 (excluding Hydrogen)  React with water violently!  Lose a valence electron to become 1+  Cations  Soft, highly reactive, good conductors of heat and electricity,

 Li › Lithium batteries, lithium in dehumidifiers, strengthens glass, used to treat mood swings, fireworks.  Na › Found in table salt, vapor lamps, sodium potassium pump in animals to create gradient in cells, fireworks.  K › Active transport pump, nerve cell conduction, fertilizer, salt substitute, fireworks.

 Group 2  Shiny solids, harder than alkali metals  Lose 2 valence electrons, 2+ charge  Cations  React with water (except Beryllium)  React with oxygen

 Calcium- › bones, teeth, bloodstream, limestone, chalk, marble, coral reef,  Magnesium- › alloys of magnesium and aluminum and zinc are strong, but light › Plants need it to make chlorophyll › Found in hard water (makes it difficult for soap to work properly › Strontium-fireworks-red color

 Group 17 (sometimes referred to as 7A)  Forms compounds with almost all metals.  Gain one valence electron to become 1- charge  Anions

 Fluorine › Toothpaste, drinking water  Chlorine › Gas at room temperature, deadly gas, bleaching agents, anesthetics at the dentist, disinfects water, found in stomach acid.  Bromine › Used in photographic film  Iodine › Need in diet to maintain healthy thyroid gland, kills bacteria

 Group 18 (sometimes listed as 8A)  Last naturally occurring elements to be discovered.  Xe will react with F (F is so reactive)  Fairly inert (stable)  Gas at room temperature

 He- › used to inflate balloons, sun, deep sea diving tanks  Ne- › light displays (electricity excites electrons, when they fall it releases energy in the form of light)  Ar- › most abundant noble gas on Earth, atmosphere, welding,

 Left of staircase  Cations  Give up electrons  Good conductors of heat and electricity  High melting and boiling points.  Generally solids, at room temperature.  Malleable (sheets) and Ductile (wire)

 Either side of the staircase  Physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals.  Used in computer chips and solar cells  Germanium and Silicon are the most used.  B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po,

 Upper right side of periodic table (right of staircase)  Generally gases,  Generally brittle and dull  Poor conductors of heat and electricity  The only liquid at room temperature is Bromine, others are all gases

 1-18 as you go Across in the periodic table.

 The number of electrons occupying the outermost energy level.  1-8, s and p blocks.  1-8 main group elements.  Each family has the SAME number of valence electrons.

 s, p, d, f

 The group with one valence electron and very reactive with water is the….. Alkali metals

 The block that contains alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. S block

 The elements that are ON the staircase are referred to as……..because they have both properties of metals and nonmetals. metalloids

 Fluorine is in the family….. halogens

 Group 13 contains how many valence electrons? 3

 Group 18 contains how many valence electrons? 8 except for Helium which only contains 2

 These elements are good conductors of heat and electricity and make up most of the elements on the periodic table. metals

 These are mostly gases at room temperature except Bromine which is a liquid at room temperature. nonmetals

 At atom that loses an electron is termed a…. cation

 An atom that gains an electron is termed an…. anion