2014 OVERVIEW OF COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE Výukový materiál EK Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/ Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

 current vegetation or community in our country is created by:  set of forest and non-forest communities  communities have been formed since the end of ice age  direct and indirect influence of humans COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

 our landscape underwent significant transformations in two periods:  a) in neolitic time > first peasants cut down forests and established pastures and fields  in our country about 7000 years ago  b) in Middle Ages > colonized foothills and mountain regions COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

 forest communities:  alder forests  on wet locations  in highlands  alder, sedge, yellow flag  floodplain forests  caused by periodic floods  willow, poplar, oak, ash, lime, elm COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

 thermophilic oak forests  common in highlands  the warmest regions of Bohemia and Moravia  sessile oak, maple, barberry, hawthorn, cranesbill  oak-hornbeam forests:  connected to warmer highlands  English oak, hornbeam, hazelnut, bird-seed, chickweed COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

 acid oak forests  in highlands  on acid rocks – granite, gneiss  poor brown soils  dominant is sessile oak  field woodrush, fescue grass COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

 forest communities:  beech forests  foothill and mountain grade  beech, fir, maple, sweet woodruff  scree forests  they occur on steep stony slopes  supply of nitric substances and the water  Norway maple  important function of the soil protection COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

 montain spruce forests  in higher mountain locations  positively spruce  rowanberry, whorled Solomon's-seal, deer fern  upper forest border runs here  pine scrub dominates above it  after pollutants spruce replaced by plants of the foreign origin COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

 non-forest communities:  community of waters and wetlands:  communities poor in the number of species  decisive factors > water depth and its oscilation,  content of nutrients and oxygen  reeds  community of peatbogs  foothills and mountain areas  on acid soil  peat moss > decomposition > peat  sundew  Šumava mountains, Giant mountains, Ore mountains, Jeseníky mountains COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

 community of meadows and pastures  substitutional forest community  caused by certain social impact  > mowing, grazing, fertilization, sowing up  creeping thistle, false oats grass, marigold, horsetail  xerotherm grass community  warm and dry habitats  sunny slopes  meadow brome, feather grass COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

EXAMPLES OF PLANTS IN OUR LANDSCAPE Typical species of beech forests – coralroot bittercress (Dentaria bulbifera); Simplestem bur-reed (Sparganium erectum – common species of back waters; Important species of thermophilic oak forests: Gas plant (Dictalmus albus), Swallow wort (Vincetoxicum hirundinaria)

WORKSHEET RECOGNIZE PLANTS AND ALLOCATE INTO COMMUNITIES

 KINCL, Lubomír, Miloslav KINCL a Jana JAKRLOVÁ. Biologie rostlin: pro 1. ročník gymnázií. 4., přeprac. vyd. Praha: Fortuna, 2006, 302 s. ISBN SOURCES