Chapter 10 Lecture Reducing Your Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. What Is Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)? Broadly encompasses a range of diseases of the heart and blood vessels Induces other potentially devastating diseases, like heart attack or stroke 9–15% of men and women under 40 have some form of CVD; after about age 40, the rate climbs to 40% Among all age groups in America, about 1 in 3 people have CVD in some form

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Should I Worry about CVD? CVD is America's biggest killer—more than any other single cause of death, for both women and men. CVD reduces quality of life, causing chest pain, shortness of breath, internal organ damage, and in the form of hypertension, cognitive decline. CVD can begin in adolescence or childhood from waxy buildup in vessels caused by poor diet, lack of exercise, high body mass index, or early smoking.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Five Leading Causes of Death in the U.S.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. CVD Death Rates by State

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. How Does Cardiovascular Disease Affect the Body? CVD damages the heart and blood vessels, affecting blood oxidation and carbon dioxide waste removal. CVD takes many forms: –Hypertension (sustained high blood pressure) –Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) –Coronary heart disease (heart attacks) –Angina pectoris (chest pain and circulatory issues) –Arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat) –Congestive heart failure (heart muscle damage) –Congenital heart disease –Stroke

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Plaque Build-up in the Arteries

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Prevalence of the Different Types of CVD

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Blood Pressure

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. What Are the CVD Risk Factors You Can Control? Tobacco use Hypertension (high blood pressure) High levels of fat in your blood Being overweight, and obesity Physical inactivity Diabetes Metabolic syndrome (obesity-related risks) Stress Poor nutrition Excessive alcohol use

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Lipids

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Metabolic Syndrome and Risk Factors

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. CVD Risk Factors You Cannot Control Heredity –CVD in several generations increases risk greatly. Age –75% of heart attacks occur in people over age 65. Gender –Men are at greater risk until age 60; women are at greater risk after menopause. Race –African Americans are at higher risk.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. CVD and Ethnicity

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. How Can I Avoid CVD? Lower your controllable risks: –Don't use tobacco –Eat well –Exercise regularly –Manage your stress –Control diabetes –Avoid alcohol and drug abuse

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