Citing and referencing Shelley Ahmed Academic Liaison Librarian for The Faculty of Computing

Throughout the project Show evidence of reading Referencing /citing

Referencing (or citing) Acknowledging someone else’s ideas – acknowledging the original source Provide a reference (or citation) Not doing this - plagiarism

Textual reference In the body of your writing. Directly following or before any information taken from another source.

When to reference? Summarise someone else’s opinions, theories or data Paraphrasing… Direct quotation Diagram, table Programming

In the text (Author, Date) The design of a good chocolate cake involves complex systems analysis (Cake, 2001). Tasty (1981, p.24) is of the opinion that “in order to make a good chocolate cake it is best to use frozen cocoa beans”. Jackson and Smith(1992) also propose that adding chilli to the mixture makes for a very interesting cake. Recent research shows that adding an ingredient called ‘zin zin’ may even result in weight loss (Daydreamer, 2004)!

Reference list Any publications you quote or refer to in your writing must be listed (usually at the end of your project). Alphabetical order (Author, Date method such as Harvard system). The following slide gives of the Harvard style. one version

Reference List. Cake, E.T. (2001) Chocolate and beyond [Online]. Available from: [accessed 19 March 2004]. Daydreamer, B. (2004) A wish come true. Untrue Discoveries Letters, 67(1) pp Jackson, J.A. & Smith, D.S. (1992) The strangest chocolate cakes in the world. 3 rd ed. New York: Madd Food. Tasty, B. (1981) Cake myths. London: Notavailable Press.

Reference list - List of ALL publications referred to in the text. Bibliography means a - List of any publications read (but not necessarily referred to in the text).

One Alternative Tasty, B., 1981.Cake myths. London: Notavailable Press.

Referencing an online journal article

URL of a journal article from an online database? b=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V1D-4B1XJ79- 3&_user=983321&_coverDate=01%2F01%2 F2004&_alid= &_rdoc=1&_fmt= high&_orig=search&_cdi=5672&_sort=r&_ st=4&_docanchor=&_ct=1&_acct=C &_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid= &md5=46af925e829c0d879e14e008 dacd263c This is far too long!

Using the ‘overall URL’ or ‘entrance’ URL Yan, L. Zhu, B A ratio inequality for Bessel processes. Statistics & Probability Letters, [Online]. 66(1) pp Available at: (Elsevier /Science Direct) [Accessed 3 November 2006].

Using the DOI to reference Yan, L. Zhu, B A ratio inequality for Bessel processes. Statistics & Probability Letters, [Online]. 66(1) pp doi: /j.spl [Accessed 3 November 2006].

Alternatives DOI (Data object identifier) Articles on the web may have been allocated a ‘DOI’. A DOI or digital object identifier can be used to cite and link to electronic documents. A DOI is guaranteed never to change, so you can use it to link permanently to electronic documents” (Science Direct, 2009). If you put the DOI into a DOI resolver like the one below, the browser will take you to a Web page (URL) associated with that DOI. Click on the link to the resolver below and paste the DOI /j.spl into to the text box. DOI resolver:

One website to go to for referencing Leeds Metropolitan University (Author-Date system)) Quote Unquote: A Guide to Harvard Referencing There are many more. Find out about plagiarism from the University of Leicester, Avoiding plagiarism, online tutorial. tutorial

Understanding plagiarism