Europeans Explore the East Main Idea – Advances in sailing technology enabled Europeans to explore other parts of the world.

Setting the Stage…  By the early 1400’s, Europeans were ready to venture beyond their borders.  New spirit of adventure  Curiosity

A Map of the Known World

For “God, Glory, and Gold” 1. Luxury Goods- want a faster and safer trade route to Asia. 2. Renaissance  curiosity about other lands and peoples. 3. Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue. 4. Technological advances. 5. Fame and fortune. 6. Want to stop the spread of Islam- Spread Christianity!

The Crusades  People in Europe were introduced to fine luxury goods & spices from Asia during the Crusades (war between Christians & Muslims for Holy Land )  After the Crusades ended, Europeans demanded these goods & spices to “spice up” their dull/bland lives

Trade…  Muslims & Italians controlled the trade of goods from East to West  Muslims sold Asian goods to Italian merchants, who controlled trade across the land routes of the Mediterranean region  Italians resold the items at increased prices to make $$$$

And…  High prices didn’t make Europeans happy (since they are paying higher prices)  We have to find a sea route directly to Asia!!!!

The Spread of Christianity  Hostility left between Christians & Muslims  European Christians believed they had a sacred duty not only to continue fighting Muslims but to convert non-Christians throughout the world

Bartolomeau Dias  Portuguese explorer  Hoped to help “Christianize” goods  “To serve God and His Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do”

Technology make Exploration Possible  Main problem – European ships could not sail against the wind  Designed a new ship – the CARAVEL  Sturdier  Triangle sails (adopted from the Arabs)

Navigational Techniques  Astrolabe  Perfected by the Muslims  Brass circle with carefully adjusted rings marked off in degrees  Using the rings to sight the stars, a captain can calculate latitude (how far north or south of the equator the ship was)  Compass  Perfected by the Chinese

Astrolabe – Arabia

Compass / Sextant – China

Portugal leads the Way…  First European country to establish trading outposts along the west coast of Africa

Prince Henry

The Portuguese explore Africa  Strong government support  Prince Henry (son of king & queen)  helped conquer the Muslim city of Ceuta in North Africa  Wished to spread the Christian faith  Founded a navigation school  Mapmakers, instrument makers, shipbuilders, scientists, sea captains = perfect trade skills

Ceuta  Portuguese invaders found exotic stores filled with  Pepper  Cinnamon  Cloves  Large supplies of gold  Silver  Jewels

Trading Posts  Portuguese established trading posts along west Africa’s shoreline  Gold  Ivory  Need a sea route to Asia

Portuguese reach Asia  Believed they had to sail around the southern tip of Africa  1488 – Bartholomeu Dias ventured down to the tip of Africa  Huge storm forced them to the south east side of Africa  Considered sailing to India but…. Low on food and supplies, turned home.

Vasco de Gama  1498 – reached Calicut, southwestern coast of India  Amazed by spices, rare silks, gems  Filled ships up  Cargo was worth 60 times the cost of the voyage  27,000 mile trip – direct sea route to India

Spain – Christopher Columbus  Became Jealous of Portuguese  1492 – Christopher Columbus convinced Spain to finance a trip to sail west across the Atlantic to get to Asia

October 1492  Reached the Caribbean, thought it was the West Indies  Voyage increased tensions between Spain & Portugal  Portugal thought he had reached Asia and claimed it “Spain territory”

Pope Alexander VI  1493 – stepped in to keep peace between Spain & Portugal  He suggested an imaginary dividing line, drawn north to south through the Atlantic Ocean  Lines of west – Line of Demarcation. SPAIN  Includes most of the Americas  All lands east – PORTUGAL

Treaty of Tordesillas  1494 Spain & Portugal signed in which they agreed to honor the line created by Pope Alexander VI

Portugal’s Trading Empire  Bustling trading empire throughout the Indian Ocean  Took control of the spice trade from Muslims  Built a fort at Hormuz in 1514, connecting the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea – stopped Muslims traders from reading India  1510 – Captured Goa, Port City on India's west coast

Malacca  Islands so rich in spices  Spice Islands – Malay Peninsula  Lead Portugal to break the Muslim-Italian domination on trade from the East

Ferdinand Magellan  Spanish expedition arrived in Philippines  Spain claimed the islands and started settling them in 1565  By early 1600’s the rest of Europe begun to move into Asia to set up trade empires

 Around 1600 the English & Dutch start to challenge Portugal’s dominance  The Dutch Republic (Netherlands)  Spain had ruled the area  1581 the people if the region declared their independence

Netherlands  Became a leading sea power  Owned the largest fleet of ships in the world – 20,000 vessels  Dutch & English battled for control of Asia

East India Company  Formed to establish and direct trade throughout Asia  Companies had the power to mint money, make treaties, and raise their own armies

Dutch East India Company  Richer & more powerful than England’s company  Dutch drove out the English and established their dominance in Asia

Amsterdam  Netherlands capital  Became a leading commercial center  By 1700 Dutch ruled much of Indonesia  Several trading posts in several Asian countries  Controlled Cape of Good Hope, southern tip of Africa – resupply stop

British & French Traders  English East Trading Company focused on establishing outposts in India  Successful business in trading Indian Cloth  France failed

Work due before you leave…  Page #101  Numbers 1-8  Needs to be in COMPLETE SENTENCES