1. Beginning of Exploration
Why did this all start?

2. Think Back…
Which topic that we talked about earlier this year spurred an interest in curiosity?

3. The Beginnings 1100s – Crusades Christians and Muslims
Europeans came in contact with Asian countries
Battled for Holy Lands
Spices, silks, etc.

4. Marco Polo 1275 Explored China – Kublai Khan Wrote about what he saw
Many didn’t believe him at first
Which invention allowed people to read Marco Polo’s journal entries in the 1400s?

5. Desire for Wealth!
Hoped to benefit from trade of spices and other luxuries from Asia
After Crusades – Demand for nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, and pepper
Demand for these goods greater than supply – what do you think that meant for these prices?

6. Arabs and Italians Controlled trade of goods from East to West
Arabs sold Asian goods to Italian merchants, who controlled trade routes of Mediterranean region
What type of price do you think Italian merchants sold these goods at?

7. Italian Merchants Sold these goods at extremely high prices!
To avoid these Italian merchants…..

8. NEEDED TO FIND A SEA ROUTE DIRECTLY TO ASIA!!!
European merchants and monarchs of England, Portugal, Spain, and France desired this
Make sure you know these 4 countries – they will lead the way for exploration

9. Desire to Spread Christianity!
Crusades = hostility between Muslims and Christians
European nations believed they had to keep fighting Muslims and convert non-Christians throughout the world

10. Want to Add to their Empires!
These countries wanted to expand the boundaries of their empires as well
More land = more powerful

11. Motto of the Age of Exploration
GOD, GLORY, GOLD!!!!

12. Advances in Technology
1200 – Couldn’t sail against the wind
Now they could!
Borrowed ship design model from the Muslims they encountered in Crusades
Caravel – Ship with Triangular lanteen sails that could sail against the wind
Under-deck made room for items to be traded

13. Caravel

14. Other Navigational Techniques
Compass
N, S, E, W
Actually invented by Chinese
Astrolabe
Could determine location on sea
Brass circle with adjusted rings marked off in degrees. Using the stars, could tell how north or south of Equator he was.
Muslims had perfected this device
Improved Maps
Sextant
Measured angular distances
Could measure altitude

15. Sextant

16. What is An Astrolabe?

17. In case you’ve never seen a compass before…

18. Prince Henry of Portugal
Most enthusiastic supporter of exploration
Began dreaming of exploration in 1415 when he conquered Muslim city of Ceuta in North Africa
Found cinnamon, cloves, and other SPICES
Also wanted to spread Christian faith

19. Henry Continued Founded navigation school
Mapmakers, instrument makers, shipbuilders, sea captains & scientists went to perfect their trade.
Began creeping down west coast of Africa
Died in 1460 – but Portuguese had established trading posts along shores of Africa
Traded GOLD and IVORY
Eventually traded for African slaves

20. Exploration Begins
Portuguese believed they would have to sail around the southern tip of Africa to reach Asia by sea!
First Portuguese explorer – Bartolomeu Dias

21. Dias 1487 Encountered huge storm
Ships had been blown around tip of Africa to other side
Explored southeast coast of Africa and then continued sailing to India
Running low on supplies and exhausted so they turned around

22. Dias and Map

23. So…Why did Europeans Explore?
Compose a List

24. Why did Europeans explore?
Get to Asia for trade
Curiosity about other lands (Renaissance ideas)
Reformation – missionaries
Monarchs seeking new source of revenue
Technological Advances
Fame and Fortune