The Enlightenment: Religion in the Enlightenment Most people still Christians Wanted a deeper personal devotion to God Methodism – John Wesley Mystical experience that which led him to become a missionary Powerful sermons, converted many people Stressed hard work and good behavior Became a separate Protestant group

The Impact of the Enlightenment: The Arts Architecture and Art Grand palaces being built Rococo – new artistic style of the 1730s Emphasized grace, charm, and gentle action Music Bach and Handel – baroque musical style Haydn and Mozart – classical musicians Literature Important in the development of the European novel

The Impact of the Enlightenment: Enlightenment and Enlightened Absolutism People needed to be ruled by enlightened rulers Allow religious toleration, freedom of speech and of the press, and the rights of private property Nurture the arts, sciences, and education Obey the laws and enforce them fairly New type of monarchy emerged Enlightened absolutism Govern by Enlightenment principles, maintained their royal powers Were rulers enlightened?

Prussia: Army and Bureaucracy Prussia was a major European power Willing to make Enlightened reforms, yet still kept Prussia’s serfdom and social structure The Austrian Empire Empress Maria Theresa-not open to Philosophes’ calls for reform Yet still worked to help serfs Joseph II – “I have made Philosophy the lawmaker of my empire.” Alienated nobles Russia under Catherine the Great Invited Diderot to Russia – he outlined a program of reform Catherine still skeptical